Chapter 21 And 22 Vocabulary Medical Surgical

Front 1

aqueous humor

Back 1

a clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior cavity of the eye.

Front 2

astigmatism

Back 2

an unevenness in the corneal or lenticular curvature, causing horizontal and vertical rays to be focused at two different points on the retina, which results in visual distortion.

Front 3

conjunctiva

Back 3

the mucous membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids and anterior part of the sclera.

Front 4

hyperopia

Back 4

farsightedness, or an inability of the eye to focus on nearby objects.

Front 5

lens

Back 5

biconvex, avascular, transparent structure located behind the iris.

Front 6

myopia

Back 6

nearsightedness, or an inability of the eye to focus on objects far away.

Front 7

nystagmus

Back 7

an abnormal involuntary repetitive movement of the eyes.

Front 8

presbyopia

Back 8

a hyperopic shift to farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye; the condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40 years.

Front 9

refraction

Back 9

the ability of the eye to bend light rays so that they fall on the retina.

Front 10

retina

Back 10

a layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye, continuous with the optic nerve, that receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses through the optic nerve to the brain.

Front 11

acoustic neuroma

Back 11

a benign tumor that occurs where the acoustic nerve (CN VIII) enters the internal auditory canal or the temporal bone from the brain.

Front 12

age-related macular degeneration

Back 12

a progressive deterioration of the maculae of the retina; divided into two forms: dry and wet.

Front 13

amblyopia

Back 13

reduced vision in an eye that is not corrected by refraction and does not have an obvious pathologic or structural cause.

Front 14

aphakia

Back 14

a condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye is absent, usually because it has been surgically removed, as in the treatment of cataracts.

Front 15

blepharitis

Back 15

a chronic inflammatory condition of the lash follicles and meibomian glands of the eyelids, characterized by swelling, redness, and crusts of dried mucus on the lids.

Front 16

cataract

Back 16

an abnormal progressive condition of the lens of the eye, characterized by an opacity within the lens.

Front 17

chalazion

Back 17

a small, localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions of the meibomian glands; a nonmalignant condition that often requires surgery for correction.

Front 18

cholesteatoma

Back 18

a cystic mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol that is found in the middle ear and occurs as a congenital defect or as a serious complication of chronic otitis media.

Front 19

conjunctivitis

Back 19

an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmental factors.

Front 20

enucleation

Back 20

removal of the eye.

Front 21

exophthalmos

Back 21

inflammation or infection of the epithelium of the auricle and ear canal.

Front 22

glaucoma

Back 22

a group of disorders characterized by (1) increased intraocular pressure and the consequences of elevated pressure, (2) optic nerve atrophy, and (3) peripheral visual field loss.

Front 23

hordeolum

Back 23

an infection of the sebaceous glands in the lid margin.

Front 24

keratitis

Back 24

an inflammation or infection of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of microorganisms or by other factors.

Front 25

keratoconus

Back 25

a noninflammatory, usually bilateral disease of the cornea that is familial but has no exclusive inheritance pattern; the cause of the condition is unknown.

Front 26

labyrinthitis

Back 26

an inflammation of the inner ear affecting the cochlear or vestibular portion of the labyrinth or both, resulting in vertigo.

Front 27

Meniere's disease

Back 27

a disease characterized by symptoms caused by inner ear disease including episodic vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and aural fullness.

Front 28

otosclerosis

Back 28

a hereditary condition of unknown cause in which irregular ossification occurring on the footplate of the stapes in the oval window results in decreased hearing acuity.

Front 29

presbycusis

Back 29

hearing loss associated with aging.

Front 30

presbyopia

Back 30

a hyperopic shift to farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye; the condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40 years.

Front 31

refractive error

Back 31

a defect in the ability of the lens of the eye to focus an image accurately, such as occurs in nearsightedness and farsightedness.

Front 32

retinal detachment

Back 32

a separation of the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium in the back of the eye, allowing the vitreous humor to leak between the two layers.

Front 33

retinopathy

Back 33

the process of microvascular damage of the retina; may develop slowly or rapidly.

Front 34

strabismus

Back 34

a condition in which the patient cannot consistently focus two eyes simultaneously on the same object.

Front 35

sclera

Back 35

an opaque structure composed of collagen fibers meshed together that encircles the globe of the eye; commonly referred to as the "white" of the eye.

Front 36

tinnitus

Back 36

a subjective noise sensation, often described as ringing, heard in one or both ears.

Front 37

vertigo

Back 37

a sensation that a person or objects around the person are moving or spinning; usually stimulated by movement of the head.