Chapter 2.1

Front 1

oblate spheroid

Back 1

a slightly flattened sphere

Front 2

hydrosphere

Back 2

all earth's water- 97% salt, 3% fresh

Front 3

seismic waves

Back 3

vibrations that travel through the earth

Front 4

crust

Back 4

makes up 1 percent of the earth's mass

Front 5

oceanic crust

Back 5

beneath the oceans- 5 to 10 km dense

Front 6

continental crust

Back 6

under the earth's continents and the continents themselves- 32-70 km less dense than ocean crust

Front 7

mantle

Back 7

layer 2,280 km thick

Front 8

lithosphere

Back 8

a rigid layer 65 km to 100 km thick- solid upper most mantle plus the crust

Front 9

plasticity

Back 9

the ability of a solid to flow

Front 10

core

Back 10

below the mantle- inner core solid iron, outer core liquid iron

Front 11

P waves

Back 11

primary waves- travels though solid, liquid, and gases. fastest waves

Front 12

S waves

Back 12

secondary waves- sower than P waves and can only travel though solids

Front 13

shadow zones

Back 13

are located on the earth's surface from seismic waves- S waves blocked by liquid core zone is greater than 103 degrees from earthquake. P waves bent by liquid and solid core zone is 103- 143 degrees from earthquake (see figure page 25)

Front 14

magnetosphere

Back 14

the region of space that is affected by the earth's magnetic field

Front 15

gravity

Back 15

the force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe

Front 16

law of gravitation

Back 16

Newton description of gravity- force depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them
larger mass more gravity, less mass weaker gravity
further apart- weaker gravity
closer together- stronger gravity

Front 17

weight

Back 17

measure of strength of the pull of gravity on an object

Front 18

newtons

Back 18

weight is measured in newtons