Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cardiovascular System is composed of the
|
heart, blood and vessels
|
|
|
Heart pumps blood from
|
artieries to capillaries to veins
|
|
|
Top two chambers of the Heart
|
Atriums (atria)
|
|
|
Bottom two chambers of the Heart
|
Ventricles
|
|
|
There are three layers of the heart
|
Pericardium (outer layer)
Myocardium (heart muscle) Endocardium (inner lining of heart) |
|
|
Blood is free of microbes or what
|
axenic
|
|
|
Any microbial infection of the blood
|
Septicemia
|
|
|
Bacterial infection of the blood
|
Bacteremia
|
|
|
Inflammtion of the lymphatic vessels
|
lymphangitis
|
|
|
Release of toxins in the blood is
|
Toxemia
|
|
|
Reaction of the Immune system and is characterized by extremely low blood pressure, due to dilated blood vessels, lowered body temp and decreased urine output increased resp rate, increased heart rate,
|
Septic Shock
|
|
|
tiny hemorrhages under the skin
|
Petechiae
|
|
|
Cytotoxins and neurotoxins released from living microbes
|
Exotoxins
|
|
|
Lipid A are released from the LPS Layer of Gram negative cells
|
Endotoxins
|
|
|
Inflammation of the bone marrow
|
osteomyelitis
|
|
|
TSLS is what
|
(Strepptococcal) Toxic Shock LIke Syndrome
|
|
|
what is Toxic Shock Like Syndrome
|
a severe form of toxemia leading to septic shock may cause kidney and liver failure
|
|
|
DIC due to severe complement response may be fatal
|
Disseminated Intravascular coagulation
|
|
|
TNF
|
Tumor Necrosis Factor
|
|
|
IL
|
Interleukins
|
|
|
TNF and IL are what
|
pyrogens that lead to fever and destruction of vessel walls allowing water and red blood cells to leak out
|
|
|
PAF
|
Platelet Activating Factors
|
|
|
what does PAF do
|
Triggers coagulation factors
|
|
|
What are masses of bacteria inside masses of platelets and clotting factors
|
vegetations
|
|
|
What causes Endocartitis
|
Viridans streptocci
|
|
|
Blood may lodge in the artery of the heart, lungs or brain causing ischemia and stroke
|
Embolus`
|
|
|
Brucellosis is known also as
|
Bang's Disease
|
|
|
Brucellosis is characterized by what symptoms
|
undulant fever spiking every afternoon, chills, sweats, headache,weight loss and myalgia (muscle pain)
|
|
|
Acute Endocarditis develops
|
very quickly
|
|
|
Subacute bacterial endocarditis develops
|
over months
|
|
|
Brucella melitensis is a gram what
|
gram negative without a capsule and lives as an intracellular parasite of cattle, swine dogs, sheep and goats
|
|
|
An animal borne disease is
|
zoonotic
|
|
|
Tularemia is caused by
|
Franciscella tularensis
|
|
|
Tularemia is found in rabbits and ticks known as
|
rabbit fever or tick fever
|
|
|
Tularemia can pass through what
|
unbroken skin due to its small size or through an insect bite.
|
|
|
Plague - Bubonic plague and pneumonic plague is characterized by smooth enlarged reddened painfully inflamed lymph nodes called
|
Buboes
|
|
|
Bubonic plague is lymph nodes in
|
groin, armpits, or neck
|
|
|
Pneumonic plague is
|
spread or inhaled to lungs
|
|
|
The plague is caused by
|
Yrsinia pestis
|
|
|
what acts as vestors
|
fleas
|
|
|
humans can be infected with the plague by
|
feces, bites of fleas or direct contact with infected animals
|
|
|
Lyme Disease is known as
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
|
|
Lyme Disease has an expanding rash in 80% of patients as what shape
|
bullseye
|
|
|
Spread by Hard tick such as the
|
deer tick (Ixodes)
|
|
|
Infectious mono is known as
|
the kissing disease or Mono
|
|
|
it is a:
|
double stranded and enveloped dsDNA virus
|
|
|
having mono can lead to what disease
|
Burkitt's Lymphoma due to infection B cells which become cancerous
|
|
|
Yellow Fever is caused by
|
Flavivirus
|
|
|
Yellow Fever is spread by what mosquito
|
Aedes aegypti
|
|
|
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is caused by (DHF)
|
Flavivirus
|
|
|
what mosquito
|
Aedes
|
|
|
Dengue Fever is also known as
|
Breakbone fever due to the extreme pain
|
|
|
African Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers include what
|
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus - they are of the family Filoviridae
|
|
|
Ebolavirus is fatal:
|
90% of the time
|
|
|
Marburgvirus is fatal:
|
25% of the time
|
|
|
Malaria is caused by
|
Plasmodium
|
|
|
Plasmodium produces
|
multinucleate schizonts during asexual reproduction
|
|
|
Malaria is spread by
|
femal anopheles mosquito
|
|
|
There are 4 species what are they:
|
ovale (mild disease)
vivax (chronic) malarie (serious disease) falciparum (often fatal) |
|
|
P. falciparum causes
|
Blackwater fever
|
|
|
Exoerythrocytic phase
|
female anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites into blood of victim
|
|
|
Erythroytic phase
|
merozites enter RBCs and become trophozoites
|
|
|
sporogonic phase
|
female mosquito ingests gametocytes inside RBCs where male and female gametocytes
|
|
|
This trait of malaria has an abnormal hemoglobin molecule
|
Sickle Cell
|
|
|
This is invulnerable to infection
|
Hemoglobulin C
|
|
|
These antigens on RBCs which somehow resits P.Vivax Infection
|
Duffy Antigens
(Not in US) |
|
|
Toxoplasmosis is most often seen in AIDS patients and unborn children is caused by
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
What are the definitive hosts
|
Cats
|
|
|
80% of toxoplasmosis are
|
Asymptomatic and resolve without treatment
|
|
|
Toxoplasmosis can cross the placenta and
|
Infect the fetus
|
|
|
The infected fetus can have the following results:
|
microcephaly, mental retardation, inflammation of the retina, anema, jaundice
|
|
|
male and female gametes form zygotes that develop into oocysts in the intestines of
|
cats
|
|
|
Chaga's Disease (American trypanosomiasis is caused by
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzi is found mostly in
|
Possums and Armadillos
|
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzi is spread by
|
triatoma
|
|
|
triatoma is a
|
blood sucking bug known as the "kissing bug"
|
|
|
Schistoomiasis is caused by the parasite
|
Blood fluke known as Schistosoma mansoni
|
|
|
Schistosoma mansoni reproduceasexually in freshwater snails and develop into
|
cercariae
|
|
|
cercariae escape and burrow into the skin of humans causing
|
swimmers itch
|
