Chapter 20: Us Overseas Expansion

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Commodore Matthew Perry

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Born in Rhode Island, on April 10, 1794.He was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.

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President Millard Fillmore

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He was the 13th President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office.

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Secretary of State William Seward

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He was the 12th Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.

Front 4

Frederick Jackson Turner

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was an influential American historian in the early 20th century. He is best known for his book, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, whose ideas are referred to as the Frontier Thesis.

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Captain Alfred T. Mahan

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He was a United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His concept of "sea power" had an enormous influence in shaping the strategic thought of navies across the world, especially in the United States, Germany, Japan and Britain. His ideas still permeate the U.S. Navy.

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Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii

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Lydia Kamakaʻeha Kaola Maliʻi Liliʻuokalani, was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. She was also known as Lydia Kamakaʻeha Pākī, with the chosen royal name of Liliʻuokalani, and her married name was Kaolupoloni K. Dominis.

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William Randolph Hearst

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was an American newspaper magnate and leading newspaper publisher.Moving to New York City, he acquired The New York Journal and engaged in a bitter circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World which led to the creation of yellow journalism—sensationalized stories of dubious veracity

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Commodore George Dewey

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was an admiral of the United States Navy. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. He was also the only person in the history of the United States to have attained the rank of Admiral of the Navy, the most senior rank in the United States Navy.

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War that resisted American occupation.
Aguinaldo became the Philippines' first President. He was also the youngest (at age 29) to have become the country's president, and the longest-lived (having survived to age 94).

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Theodore "Teddy" Roosevellt

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Was the 26th president. He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity.He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912

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William Gorgas

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was a United States Army physician and 22nd Surgeon General of the U.S. Army (1914–1918). He is best known for his work in Florida, Havana and at the Panama Canal in abating the transmission of yellow fever and malaria by controlling the mosquitoes that carry them at a time when there was considerable skepticism and opposition to such measures.

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Arrival of Perry in Japan

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On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy, commanding a squadron of two steamers and two sailing vessels, sailed into Tôkyô harbor aboard the frigate "Susquehanna." He forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States on behalf of the U.S. government, and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships.

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American Purchase of Alaska

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was the purchase of Alaska by the United States from the Russian Empire in 1867. The purchase, made at the initiative of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, gained 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 km2) of new United States territory.

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Overthrow of Queen of Hawaii

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The Republic of Hawaii was declared in 1894 by the same parties which had established the Provisional Government after the coerced signing of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. Among them were Lorrin A. Thurston, a drafter of the Bayonet Constitution, and Sanford Dole who appointed himself President of the forcibly instated Republic on July 4, 1894.

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Annexation of Hawaii

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The last monarch of Hawaii was Queen Lili’uokalani in 1892, which was later replaced by a provisional government. President Benjamin Harrison, submitted a treaty to annex the Hawaiian Islands to the U. S. Senate for ratification. In 1897, the treaty for annexation was declined only 46 senators in favor of the treaty less than 2/3 of the majority needed for approval.

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Boxer Rebellion

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by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" (义和团 - Yìhétuán), or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" (known as "Boxers" in English), in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing Western imperialism and Christianity

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Sinking of USS Marine

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U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba on February 15, 1898. This event directly led to U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War.On the evening of 15 February 1898, she suddenly exploded, and swiftly sank, killing nearly three quarters of her crew

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Spanish American War

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was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States.[6] Revolts against Spanish rule had been endemic for decades in Cuba and were closely watched by Americans;

Front 19

Treaty of Paris

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often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside Europe. Notably, the treaty did not involve either Prussia or Austria who signed a separate Treaty of Hubertusburg.

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Revolt in Panama

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Following Herrán Convention's rejection by Colombia, Theodore Roosevelt sent US warships on 2 November 1903 to keep Colombia from suppressing a revolt in Panama, and on 5–6 November landed a USMC battalion. The US recognized Panama's independence on 6 November and signed the Hay—Bunau—Varilla Treaty on 18 November.

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Japan

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In 1853 US ships were sent to Tokyo in cammand of Commodore Mathew Perry. In 1954 He returned to the US with a signed treaty allowing trading with Japan. (trading treaty)

Front 22

Alaska

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US purchased Alaska fir $7.2 million dollars. It was added as a state in 1959. the US thought it was great for the fishing industry.

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Russia

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Soviet Union: a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

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Samoa

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in 1899 Germany and the US split up the Islands of Samoa.

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Hawaii

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Added to the US in 1959. A group of islands to the south of the US.

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China

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communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

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Spain

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a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power.

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Guam

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the largest and southernmost island in the Marianas which is administered as a territory of the United States; it was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898

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Wake Island

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An island in the western Pacific between Guam and Hawaii

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Philippines

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a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946

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Cuba

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a communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba
the largest island in the West Indies

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Puerto Rico

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a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico. It is the smallest and easternmost of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean

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Colombia

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a republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language

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Panama Canal

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a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

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Isolation (ism)

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To have nothing to do with other people, or nations.

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Imperialism

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a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries

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"Seward Folly"

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Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968.

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"Manifest Destiny"

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a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)

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Sphere of Influence

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In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is an area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence.

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Open Door Policy

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1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

Front 41

Boxers

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The Boxer Rebellion, now called by most historians The Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was an anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" (Yihe tuan), or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious .

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Social Darwinism

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Social Darwinism is a term used for various late nineteenth century ideologies which, while often contradictory, exploited ideas of survival of the fittest. It especially refers to notions of struggle for existence being used to justify social policies which show no sympathy for those unable to support themselves.

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"White Mans Burden"

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the supposed responsibility of the white race to provide care for their non-white subjects

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Markets

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the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; "without competition there would be no market"; "they were driven from the marketplace"

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Raw Materials

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Raw materials are the part of stocks that have been purchased for further processing but on which no work has yet been done

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Reconcentration

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the act of concentrating again. Or the state of being concentrated again

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Yellow Journalism

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sensational style of newspaper reporting which played on peoples emotions and helped influence events. Major cause of Spanish American War.

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Empire

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the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

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Protectorate

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state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty.

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Annex

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To take (territory) as if by conquest;example: "Hitler annexed Lithuan"

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Isthmus

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a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas

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Monroe Doctrine

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The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823, which stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention

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Roosevelt Corollary

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The Roosevelt Corollary was a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904

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Dollar Diplomacy

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Dollar Diplomacy is the term used to describe the "good chiss effort" of the United States — particularly under President William Howard Taft — to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries