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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes
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Units of information about specific traits.
Passed from parents to offspring. |
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Each version of a gene is called an _______.
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Allele
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Homozygous condition
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Two copies of a gene are identical alleles
(homo: same, zygo: joined together). |
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Heterozygous Condition
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Two allele copies are different.
(hetero: different) |
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Dominant
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An allele effect on a trait masks that of any recessive allele paired with it.
Represented by an uppercase letter. |
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Homozygous dominant
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Having a pair of dominant alleles (AA).
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Homozygous recessive
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Having a pair of recessive alleles (aa).
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Hetrozygous individual
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Has a pair of nonidentical alleles (Aa).
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Alleles an individual inherits are the __________.
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Genotype
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Observable functional or physical traits are the
_________. |
Phenotype
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Cross involving parents differing in only one trait.
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Monohybrid Cross
(mono - means one) |
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a character which was not evident in the first filial generation.
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Recessive
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Theory of segregation
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The separation of allelic differences from one another. Segregation may occur at the first or second division of meiosis. Leading to new gene combinations (=recombination).
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Tool for determining the probable outcome of genetic crosses
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Punnett Square
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Probability
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A number between zero and one that expresses the likelihood of a particular event.
In a genetic situation, probability doesn't change. |
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Testcross
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(non-human) - an individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with an individual that is homozygous recessive for the trait being studied.
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Dihyprid cross
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Two traits are studied.
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Pleiotropy
(ply-AH-trow-pee) |
Wide ranging effect of a single gene.
(pleio: more, tropic: change) |
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Codominance
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Both alleles are expressed.
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A gene that has three or more alleles is called a ________.
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Multiple allele system
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The probability that someone who inherits an allele will have the phenotype associated with
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Penetrance
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Polygenic traits
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result from the combined expression of several genes.
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Continuous variation
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show a range of continuous, rather than incremental, differences in some trait.
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