Chapter 20: Heart

Front 1

Your heart is about __cm long, __cm wide at its broadest point, and __cm thick.

Back 1

12cm long

9cm wide

6cm thick

Hint 1

Multiples of 3

Front 2

The heart has an average mass of 250 g in adult ___?

Back 2

Females

Hint 2

Gender

Front 3

About what fraction of the mass of the heart lies left to the body's midline?

Back 3

2/3

Front 4

It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm.

Back 4

Apex

Front 5

This border faces the left lung and extends from the base to the apex. It is also called the pulmonary border.

Back 5

Left border

Hint 5

Direction border

Front 6

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.

Back 6

Pericardium

Front 7

Name the 2 kinds of pericardium.

Back 7

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

Front 8

What are The purposes of fibrous pericardium.

Back 8

Prevents OVER STRETCHING of the heart
Provides PROTECTION
Anchors the heart in the MEDIASTINUM

Front 9

The wall of the heart consists of 3 layers, namely:

Back 9

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Hint 9

EME

Front 10

It is responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue.

Back 10

Myocardium

Front 11

The myocardium makes up approximately __% of the heart wall.

Back 11

95%

Front 12

This part of the heart slightly increases the capacity of an atrium.

Back 12

Auricle

Hint 12

Dog's ears

Front 13

Series of grooves on the surface of the heart that contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat.

Back 13

Sulci or sulcus

Front 14

What is the thickest chamber of the heart?

Back 14

Left ventricle

Front 15

This chamber receives blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

Back 15

Left atrium

Front 16

In a cardiac muscle fiber, what is the percent taken up by a mitochondria from the cystosolic space?

Back 16

25%

Front 17

The source of electrical activity of the heart is a Network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers called the...

Back 17

Autorhythmic fibers

Front 18

Autorhythmic fibers have 2 important functions:

Back 18

They act as a PACEMAKER.
They form the CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM.

Front 19

Cardiac excitation normally begins where?

Back 19

Sinoatrial node

Hint 19

SA n

Front 20

The atrioventricular bundle is also known as:

Back 20

Bundle of His

Hint 20

His

Front 21

The right atrium receives blood from three veins, namely:

Back 21

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Coronary sinus

Front 22

The tricuspid and bicuspid valves are also termed as?

Back 22

Atrioventricular valves

Front 23

These valves are also known as the semilunar valves.

Back 23

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Hint 23

ventricle

Front 24

These branch from the ascending aorta and encircles the heart like a crown.

Back 24

Coronary arteries

Hint 24

...Like a crown.

Front 25

These are connections made by 2 or more arteries that supply the same region of the body.

Back 25

Anastomoses

Hint 25

He parted the red sea.

Front 26

It is a thin-walled vein that has no smooth muscle to alter its diameter.

Back 26

Vascular sinus

Front 27

Cardiac muscle fibers exhibit ___ , which gives individual fibers a "stair-step" appearance.

Back 27

Branching

Hint 27

Tree

Front 28

The length of a typical cardiac muscle fiber.

Back 28

50-100 um

Front 29

These allow the entire myocardium of the atria/ventricles to contract as a single, coordinated unit.

Back 29

Gap junctions

Front 30

These fibers rapidly conduct the action potential starting at the apex to the ventricular myocardium.

Back 30

Purkinje fibers

Hint 30

pork

Front 31

SA nodes would initiate an action potential about ___ times per minute.

Back 31

100 times per minute

Front 32

This is The natural pacemaker.

Back 32

Sinoatrial node.

Front 33

3 phases of an action potential in a contractile fiber:

Back 33

Depolarization
Plateau
Repolarization

Hint 33

DePlaRe

Front 34

This is The record of electrical changes during each cardiac cycle.

Back 34

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

Front 35

In an ECG, This wave represents atrial depolarization.

Back 35

P wave

Front 36

An enlargement of this wave generally indicates enlarged ventricles.

Back 36

R wave

Front 37

This term refers to the phase of contraction.

Back 37

Systole

Front 38

This term refers to the phase of relaxation.

Back 38

Diastole

Front 39

The S1 sound of the heart can be described as the ___ sound.

Back 39

Lubb sound

Front 40

The sound described by "dupp" which is shorter and not as loud.

Back 40

S2

Front 41

It is an abnormal sound consisting of a clicking, rushing, gurgling noise.

Back 41

Heart murmur

Front 42

It is the amount of blood ejected per minute by the left ventricle into the aorta.

Back 42

Cardiac output

Front 43

It is the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during each systole.

Back 43

Stroke volume

Front 44

It is the replacement of a severely damaged heart with a normal one.

Back 44

Cardiac (heart) transplant

Front 45

Average number of heartbeats per minute.

Back 45

75 beats/minute

Front 46

A complete cardiac cycle requires __ sec.

Back 46

0.8 sec.

Front 47

The heart develops from the...

Back 47

Mesoderm

Front 48

An ECG consists of:

Back 48

P wave

QRS complex

T wave

Hint 48

Waves

Front 49

Write the blood flow from the 3 veins to the aorta (do not

Include valves).

Total of 11

Back 49

S&I VC/CS - RA - RV - PA - LUNGS - PV - LA - LV - AORTA

Front 50

A term for elevated resting heart rate.

Back 50

Tachycardia

Front 51

Term for a resting heart rate under 50 beats/min.

Back 51

Bradycardia