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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is population density ? |
Number of individuals (N) in a given area (A) or volume. (V) |
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Population density equation |
Dp = N/A or Dp = N/V |
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If you have Dp and the area you can find |
Population |
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Population distribution |
How individuals in a species are spaced in environment |
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3 diff types of distribution |
Random, clumped, uniform |
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4 factors that determine population size |
1. Natality 2. Mortality 3. Immigration 4. Emigration |
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Growth rate equation |
Gr = change in N / change in time |
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Change in N equation |
(Birth + immigration) - (death + emigration) |
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Per capita growth rate equation |
Cgr = change in N / Ni |
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succession |
sequence of invasion and replacement of species in an ecosystem over time |
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primary succession |
begins when there is no soil present -- development of a new community in a previously barren area where there is no soil present |
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intraspecific competition is a density _______ factor |
dependent |
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pioneer community |
first species to colonize a barren or disturbed habitat and initiate primary succession // lichens, soil forms as organisms die |
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climax community |
last or final stage of succession in an area 9 may remain relatively stable if there are no major environmental changes |
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ecological disturbance |
event that changes the structure of a community, sometimes destroying all actively growing organisms |
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secondary succession |
regrowth of a previously existing community after an ecological disturbance |
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biotic is |
living |
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abiotic is |
non-living |
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limiting factors in populations |
- law of minimum - shelford's law of inheritance |
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2 types of limiting factors |
- density independent - density dependent |
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density dependent factors |
-biotic -disease, parasites, spread easily in dense populations |
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density independent factors |
- abiotic: harsh weather.drought, fires - limit growth of a population regardless of size or density |
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k selected strategies |
- live close to carrying capacity - few offspring per reproductive cycle - one or both parents care for offspring - offspring take awhile to mature and reach reproductive age - live long time - large bodies compared to r selective |
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r-selected strategies |
- short life span - early reproductive age - lots of offspring at once - little or no parental care |
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ecological community |
association of interacting populations that inhabit a defined area |
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INTERspecific |
competition between two different species |
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INTRAspecific |
competition between members of same species |
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GAUSES PRINCIPLE |
if two populations occupy the same niche one will be eliminated |
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cryptic colouration |
type of protective colouration used as defense, cryptic colours are (BLACK RED YELLOW) |
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batesian mimicry |
resembles another organism with a defense mechanism but doesnt have a defense mechanism itself
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mullerian mimicry |
resembles organism with defense mechanism and has the defense mech |
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commenselism |
one partner benefits and one is neither harmed of benefits |
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parasitism |
one benefits and other is harmed |
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mutualism |
both mutually benefit |
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define primary succession |
development of new community in a previously barren area where there is NO SOIL present |
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Define pioneer community |
first species to colonize a barren of disturbed land and initiate primary succession |
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Define climax community |
latercomers in process of succession )last/final stage of succession); community may remain relatively stable if there are no environmental changes |
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Define ecological disturbance |
even that changes structure of a community, sometimes destroying all actively growing organisms |
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Define secondary sucession |
REGROWTH of a previously existing community after an ecological disturbance (ex: forest fire) |
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Is there soil present in secondary succession ? |
YES |
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Define natality |
birth rate |
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Define mortality |
death rate |
