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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Salvarsan
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first proven drug that showed that bacteria and microbes could be selectively killed
Ehrlich 1910 |
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pronto SIL
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The first sulfa drug
Used to treat streptococcal infections in animals Gerhard domagk 1932 |
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Chemotherapeutic agents
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Chemicals used as Antimicrobial drugs
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Examples of chemotherapeutic agents
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salvarsan and prontosil
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Cause greater harm to microbes by interfering with essential structures or property common to microbes
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Selective toxicity
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Bacteriostatic
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Inhibits bacterial growth impatient defenses must eliminate the bacteria
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bactericidal
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Drugs kill the bacteria and sometimes only inhibit
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effect a wide range of microbes
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Broad spectrum antimicrobial
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Affect a limited range of microbes
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narrow spectrum antimicrobial
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Antimicrobial important in treating acute life-threatening diseases when there's no time to culture or identify
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Broad spectrum antimicrobial
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This antimicrobial requires identification of the pathogen testing for sensitivity
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Narrow spectrum antimicrobial
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Antagonistic
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A the drugs that interfere with each other
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Synergistic
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Combination of drugs where one enhances the other
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Additive
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Drugs that neither interfere nor enhance each other
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Innate or intrinsic
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Resisting penicillin lacking a cell wall outer membrane of gram- resisting drug
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Acquired resistance
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spontaneous mutation enter horizontal gene transfer
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Targets for antibacterial drugs
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Cell wall synthesis
Protein synthesis nucleic acid synthesis Metabolic pathways Cell membrane |
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Antibacterial drugs that target the cell wall
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B. Lactam
Vancomycin bacitracin |
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Antibacterial drugs that target nucleic acid synthesis
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Fluoroquinolone
rifamyosin |
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antibacterial drugs that target cell membrane integrity
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Polymyxin B
daptomyosin |
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Antibacterial drugs that target metabolic pathways are fully biosynthesis
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sulfonylurea
trimethoprim |
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Antibacterial drugs that target protein synthesis
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Aminoglycoside
tetracycline chloramphenicol lincosamides oxazolidinone streptogramins |
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Antibacterial drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis are only effective against
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Actively growing bacterial cells
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weakening a cell wall of bacteria leads to
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Lysis
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Beta-lactam drugs include
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Penicillin
Cephalosporin Carbapenem monobactam |
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_______ work by competitively inhibiting the group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of peptide bridges between glycan strands
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Beta-lactam
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The facts of beta-lactam drugs on gram-positive
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Peptidoglycan exposed
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The effects of beta lactam drugs on gram negative
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Other membrane of gram negative block the drugs
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Beta lactamase
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some bacteria synthesized it breaks down beta-lactam ring
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