Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
5 lipids that are esters or amides of fatty acids
|
1) waxes
2) triacylglycerol 3) glycerophopholipids 4) sphingomyelins 5) glycolipids |
|
|
_____ are carboxylic acid esters where both R groups are long straight hydrocarbon chain (non-polar)
|
waxes
|
|
|
_____ are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerols.
|
triacylglycerol
|
|
|
____ are triesters of glycerols that contain charged phosphate diesters.
|
glycerophopholipids
|
|
|
_____ are amides derived from an amino alcohol, also contain charged phosphate diester groups.
|
sphingomyelins
|
|
|
_____ are amides derived from sphingosine, contain polar carb. groups.
|
glycolipids
|
|
|
lipid that forms protective functions
|
waxes
|
|
|
lipid that is a major source of biochemical energy
|
triacylglycerol
|
|
|
lipid that helps to control the flow of molecules into and out of cells
|
glycerophopholipids
|
|
|
lipid that is essential to the structure of cell membranes
|
sphingomyelins
|
|
|
lipid that connects by intracellular messangers on the cell surface
|
glycolipid
|
|
|
lipids that aren't esters or amides
|
1) steroids
2) eicosanoids |
|
|
_____ is a lipid containing a 4 ring system
|
steroid
|
|
|
_____ are chemicals that are responsible for a reaction
|
eicosanoids
|
|
|
less than __ fatty acids occur in nature
|
70
|
|
|
Do fatty acids have an even or odd # of C's?
|
even
|
|
|
In fatty acids, all C's are ___ hybridized.
|
sp3
|
|
|
Which has higher attractions, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?
|
saturated
|
|
|
Which has a higher M.P., saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?
|
saturated
|
|
|
How many double bonds does a monounsaturated bond have?
|
1
|
|
|
3 components of wax
|
1) ester
2) alcohol 3) fatty acid |
|
|
fatty acids + glycerol =
|
fat (an ester)
|
|
|
Are triglycerols in natural fats and oils polar or nonpolar?
|
nonpolar
|
|
|
What is the ionic charge of triglycerols in natural fats and oils?
|
no ionic charge
|
|
|
____ are solid triglycerols with high proportions of saturated fatty acids.
|
fats
|
|
|
_____ are liquid triglycerols with high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids
|
oils
|
|
|
triester vs. triglyceride vs. triaceglycerol
|
same thing
|
|
|
____ is an ester of glycerol with 3 fatty acids
|
triglyceride
|
|
|
____ is the process where triglycerols react with water to form their carboxylic acid and alcohol.
|
hydrolysis
|
|
|
____ is the 1st step of digestion of dietary fats and oils.
|
hydrolysis catalized by hydrolase
|
|
|
Natural soaps are prepared by boiling lard or other animal fat with ____, in a reaction called saponification.
|
NaOH
|
|
|
____ is the process of unsaturated being converted to saturated.
|
hydrogenation
|
|
|
If a fatty acid is unsaturated, will it mostly be cis or trans?
|
cis
|
|
|
_____ establish a hydrophobic barrier between the watery environment in the cell and outside the cell.
|
cell membranes
|
|
|
3 major kinds of cell membrane lipids in animals
|
1) phospholipids
2) glycolipids 3) cholesterol |
|
|
_____ are used to form cell membrane lipids
|
triglycerides
|
|
|
components of phospholipid
|
1) 1 alcohol
2) 2 fatty acids 3) 1 phosphate group |
|
|
2 types of phospholipids
|
1) glycerophospholipid
2) sphingolipid |
|
|
In glycerophospholipids, the alcohol is ____.
|
glycerol
|
|
|
In sphingolipids, the alcohol is ____.
|
sphingosine
|
|
|
____ is a glycolipid that coats nerves (myelin)
|
cerebrosides
|
|
|
____ is a lipid that contains carbs.
|
glycolipid
|
|
|
components of glycolipid
|
1) sphingosine backbone
2) 1 fatty acid 3) glucose or galactose |
|
|
____ is the most abundant and most important steroid in the body
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
Cholesterol is a component in plasma membranes in all ____ cells.
|
animal
|
|
|
____ is the precursor of all steroid hormaones and bile acids.
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
2 forms of cholesterol
|
1) free
2) esterified |
|
|
Cholesterol esterifies with ______.
|
FA
|
|
|
_____ is necessary for biosynthesis & makes up gallstones.
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
Cholesterol, along with fats, are transported by ______.
|
lipoproteins
|
|
|
_____ is membrane transport of small nutrients that doesn't require energy in going from areas of high concentration to lesser concentration.
|
simple diffusion
|
|
|
_____ is a membrane transport that requires protein carriers and energy.
|
facilitated transport
|
|
|
______ is a membrane transport that requires energy and protein pumps.
|
active transport
|
|
|
Where are eicosanoids derived from?
|
20-carbon unsaturated fatty acids
|
|
|
_____ function as short lived chemical messengers that act near their points of synthesis.
|
eicosanoids
|
|
|
____ & _____ are synthesized in the body from 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid.
|
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
|
|
|
Where is arachidonic acid derived from?
|
linoleic and linolenic acid
|
|
|
_____ are fatty acid-like substances that are mostly known for helping you identify pain.
|
prosataglandins
|
|
|
____ catalyzes the normal physiological production of prostaglandins.
|
COX-1
|
|
|
____ is responsible for the produciton of prostaglandins in inflammation.
|
COX-2
|
|
|
_____ induces platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.
|
Thromboxane A2
|
|
|
Aspirin and other NSAIDs ingibit the synthesis of thromboxanes by inhibiting the _____.
|
COX enzyme
|
|
|
_____ produce muscle contractions that can cause asthma-like attacks.
|
leukotrienes
|
|
|
structure of leudotriene
|
4 rings, but not closed
|
|
|
steroid vs. cholesterol structure
|
steroid- ketone
cholesterol-OH |
