Chapter 20

Front 1

Alfred Mahan

Back 1

American Sea Captain. Argued U.S. must increase foreign trade. Thus needs overseas ports to protect merchant ships. Therfore U.S. must expand, take over foreign territory to acquire ports.

Front 2

big stick policy

Back 2

Associated with T. Roosevelt. U.S. foreign policy to use military force overseas to achieve its goals. See Panama Canal.

Front 3

dollar diplomacy

Back 3

Pres. W.H. Taft's plan to "substitute dollars for bullets" in Latin America. Urges American businesses to invest there to increase U.S. influence in the region.

Front 4

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 4

Filipino nationalist who led forces against the U.S. until 1901 when they realized that the U.S. would not grant the Philippines their independence.

Front 5

expansionist

Back 5

person who favored imperialism and America acquiring additional territory overseas (Latin America, Asia, Alaska)

Front 6

George Dewey

Back 6

American commander of Pacific Fleet. When war breaks out with Spain (1898) secretly sails ships to Philippines (a Spanish colony) and destroys Spanish fleet at Manila Harbor.

Front 7

Hawaii

Back 7

Wealthy American Plantation owners overthrow the Queen in 1893 with the help of U.S. marines. U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898

Front 8

imperialism

Back 8

policy of when a powerful, stronger nation seeks to take control of the economic and political affairs of weaker nations or a region. Often leads to colonies. Examples- Europe in Africa; U.S. and Philippines

Front 9

isolation

Back 9

Foreign policy of having little or nothing to do with other nations

Front 10

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 10

American "yellow journalist". Owner of the New Yor World newspaper. Paper used yellow journalism to build American support for the Spanish American War (1898)

Front 11

Matthew Perry

Back 11

American sea captain; sent by Pres. M. Fillmore to Japan (1853) to open trade and end their isolation. Signed Treaty of Kanagawa.

Front 12

open door policy

Back 12

1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

Front 13

racism

Back 13

feeling/belief that your race is superior and that other races are inferior.

Front 14

Rough Riders

Back 14

volunteer cavalry unit participated in the Battle of San Juan Hill ultimately forcing the Spanish to surrender in Cuba. Teddy Roosevelt was 2nd in command and this victory launched his political career.

Front 15

self-determination

Back 15

desire of people to rule themselves (self-government). For example, overthrowing a mother country like the American Revolution (overthrow British), or the Cuban Revolution in 1895 (overthrow Spanish).

Front 16

Seward's Folly

Back 16

Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968.

Front 17

sphere of influence

Back 17

an area, usually around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges and laws to protect their citizens. See China.

Front 18

USS Maine

Back 18

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba on February 15, 1898. This event directly led to U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War.

Front 19

William McKinley

Back 19

President 1897-1901. In office during Spanish American War. Assassinated in Buffalo 1901.

Front 20

William Randolph Hearst

Back 20

Yellow Journalist who ran the New York Journal. He is notorious for the quote, "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war."

Front 21

yellow journalism

Back 21

sensational style of newspaper reporting which played on peoples emotions and helped influence events. Major cause of Spanish American War.