Chapter 2 Vocabulary

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Aging Index

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the number of people aged 65 years and older per 100 children aged zero to 14 years in a given population

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AIDS

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a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially through sexual contact or contaminated needles

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Arithmetic Density

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a measure of total population relative to land size; also called population density

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Census

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a periodic and official count of a country's population

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Child Mortality Rate

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the recording of the deaths of children between the ages of 1 through 5 per thousand

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Chronic Disease

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also known as degenerative disease, this is a malady of longevity and old age; an example is heart disease

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Crude Birth Rate

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the number of live births per year per thousand people

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Crude Death Rate

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the number of deaths per year per thousand people in the population

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Demographic Transition

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the shift in population growth

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Dot Map

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a common type of map used to display population; one mark is equal to a certain amount of people in an area

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Doubling Time

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the amount of time it takes a population to multiply by 2

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Endemic

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a disease that spreads over a small area

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Eugenic Population Policy

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a policy that some governments have engaged which is designed to favor one racial or cultural sector of the population over others

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Expansive Population Policy

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a policy held by the former Soviet Union and some other communist societies in which large families were encouraged in order to increase the RNI

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Genetic Disease

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also known as inherited disease; this is an illness that can be traced back through ancestry such as sickle-cell anemia or hemophilia

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Infant Mortality Rate

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one of the leading measures of the condition of a country's population; this is the number of babies who die during the first year of life per thousand live births

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Infectious Disease

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about 65% of all diseases fall into this category, these result from an invasion of parasites that multiply within the body; an example would be Malaria

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Life Expectancy

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the average number of years that someone may expect to stay alive

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Megalopolis

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a huge urban area that has extremely large populations

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One-Child Policy

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a program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth

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Physiological Density

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a measure of population density that is found by dividing the total number of people by the area of arable land

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Population Composition

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aspects that make up a population ; these can include sex, age, marital status, and education

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Population Density

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a measure of total population relative to land size

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Population Distributions

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descriptions of locations on the Earth's surface where individuals or groups live

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Population Explosion

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the raped growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

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Population Pyramid

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this is a visual representation of the composition of a population in terms of age and sex

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Rate of Natural Increase

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the difference between the number of births and the numbers of death

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Restrictive Population Policy

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a policy that us now generally enforced by the majority of the world's governments, this policy ranges from toleration and promotion of birth control to the prohibition of large families; China's "One-Child Policy" is an example of this

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Stage Five

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this is a stage of demographic transition characterized by a declining population, birth rates continue to fall and drop below death rates; death rates remain steadily low

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Stage Four

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this is a of the demographic transition characterized by a decrease in population growth; the birth rates continue to fall while the rates remain steadily low

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Stage One

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this is a stage of the demographic transition characterized by low population growth, there are high birth and death rates in this stage

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Stage Three

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this is a stage of the demographic transition characterized by population explosion; birth rates remain high although they begin to fall, death rates are very low (still decreasing but close to leveling off)

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Stage Two

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this is a stage of the demographic transition characterized by increased population growth; there are high birth rates and declining death rates

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Stationary Population Level

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a term abbrev. SPL that refers to a theory that the global population will stop growing some time during the 21st century and reach this stage

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Thomas Malthus

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a man that believed that the world's population was increasing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it; he thought that food supply grew linearly and population grew exponentially

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Total Fertility Rate

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average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime; a TFR of 2.1 or higher indicates a stable population

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Zero Population Growth

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a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births