Chapter 2: The Systems Of The Body

Front 1

adrenal glands

Back 1

Two small glands, located on top of the kidneys, that are part of the endocrine system and secrete several hormones, including cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, that are involved in responses to stress.

Front 2

cerebellum

Back 2

The part of the hindbrain responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture.

Front 3

cerebral cortex

Back 3

The main portion of the brain, responsible for intelligence, memory, and the detection and interpretation of sensation.

Front 4

nervous system

Back 4

-complex network of interconnected nerve fibers

-consists of CNS (brain and spinal chord) and PNS (somatic nerve system & autonomic nervous system)

Front 5

sympathetic nervous system

Back 5

-respond to emergencies and strong emotions

-chronic or recurrent arousal can accelerate the development of several chronic disorders

Front 6

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 6

-help restore homeostasis

Front 7

hindbrain

Back 7

-medulla

-pons

-cerebellum

Front 8

medulla

Back 8

-The part of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Front 9

pons

Back 9

-The part of the hindbrain that links the hindbrain to the midbrain and helps control respiration.

Front 10

cerebellum

Back 10

-The part of the hindbrain responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture.

Front 11

thalamus

Back 11

-The portion of the forebrain responsible for the recognition of sensory stimuli and the relay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

Front 12

hypothalamus

Back 12

-The part of the forebrain responsible for regulating water balance and controlling hunger and sexual desire; assists in cardiac functioning, blood pressure regulation, and respiration regulation; plays a major role in regulation of the endocrine system, which controls the release of hormones, including those related to stress.

Front 13

cerebral cortex

Back 13

-The main portion of the brain, responsible for intelligence, memory, and the detection and interpretation of sensation.

Front 14

limbic system

Back 14

-stress and emotional responses

-the amygdala and the hippocampus = detection of threat and in emotionally charged memories

-the cingulate gyrus, the septum, and areas of hypothalamus = emotional functioning

Front 15

neurotransmitters

Back 15

-Chemicals that regulate nervous system functioning.

Front 16

catecholamines

Back 16

-The neurotransmitters, epinephrine and norepinephrine, that promote sympathetic nervous system activity; released in substantial quantities during stressful times.

Front 17

Epilepsy

Back 17

-seizures

-no cure

Front 18

cerebral palsy

Back 18

-lack of muscle control

-seizures, spasm, mental retardation, difficulties of sensation and perception

Front 19

Parkinson's disease

Back 19

-tremors, rigidity, and slowness of movement

-men> women

-depletion of dopamine

Front 20

Mutiple sclerosis

Back 20

-paralysis and blindness

-early symptoms: numbness, double vision, dragging of the feet, loss of bladder or bowel control, speech difficulties, and extreme fatigue

-disintegration of myelin

Front 21

Huntington's Disease

Back 21

-chronic physical and mental deterioration

-involuntary muscle spasms, loss of motor abilities, personality changes, and other signs of mental disintegration

Front 22

Polio

Back 22

-the spinal nerves are attacked

-shrunken and ineffective limbs to full paralysis

Front 23

Paraplegia and quadriplegia

Back 23

-paraplegia=paralysis of the lower extremities of the body

-quadriplegia=paralysis of all four extremities

Front 24

Dementia

Back 24

-loss of cognitive abilities

Front 25

the endocrine system

Back 25

-A bodily system of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood to stimulate target organs; interacts with nervous system functioning.

Front 26

pituitary gland

Back 26

-A gland located at the base of and controlled by the brain that secretes the hormones responsible for growth and organ development.

Front 27

the adrenal glands

Back 27

-Two small glands, located on top of the kidneys, that are part of the endocrine system and secrete several hormones, including cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, that are involved in responses to stress.

Front 28

oxytocin

Back 28

-contains during labor and lactation

-involved in social affiliation and vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone

Front 29

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 29

-water-absorbing ability of the kidnesy

Front 30

the anterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland

Back 30

-secretes hormones responsible for growth: somatotropic hormone, gonadotropc hormones, thyrotropic hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 31

somatotropic hormone (STH)

Back 31

-regulates bone, muscle, and other organ development

Front 32

gonadotropc hormones

Back 32

-controls the growth, development, and secretion of the gonads (testes and ovaries)

Front 33

thyrotropic hormone (TSH)

Back 33

-controls the growth, development, and secretion of the thyroid gland

Front 34

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 34

-controls the growth and secretion of the cortex region of the adrenal glands

Front 35

Diabetes

Back 35

-a chronic endocrine disorder

-inability to manufacture insulin

-Type I: late childhood

-Type II: after age 40; not enough insulin

-leads to high rates of coronary heart disease

-leading cause of blindness

Front 36

Study Figure 2.4

Back 36

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