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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that takes up space + has mass
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element
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any substance that cant be broken down to any other substance
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compound
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a substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
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atom
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the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
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proton
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a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge;found in nucleus
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electron
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a subatomic particle with a single negative charge;1 or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom
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neutron
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an electrically neutral particle(having no electrical charge) found in the nucleus of an atom
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nucleus
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an atoms central core, contains protons and neutrons
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atomic #
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the # of protons in nucleus of an atom, subscript left of symbol
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isotope
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1 of several forms of an element, each containing a different # of neutrons + thus differing in atomic mass
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radioactive isotope
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an isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy
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ionic bond
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a chemical bond resulting from the formation of ionic bonds, called a salt
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ion
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an atom that has gained or lost electrons , thus acquiring a charge
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anion
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negatively charged ion
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cation
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positively charged ion
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valence electrons
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the outermost electron shell
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electronegativity
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the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
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covalent bond
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a type of strong chemical bond in which 2 atoms share 1 pair of valence electrons
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polar covalent
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a type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative + the other atom slightly positive
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nonpolar covalent
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a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms of similar electronegativity
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molecule
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2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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chemical reaction
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a process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds
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reactant
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a starting material in a chemical reaction
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product
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an ending material in a chemical reaction
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polar molecule
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a molecule(such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides
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hydrogen bond
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type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in 1 molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
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cohesion
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the binding together of like molecule, often by hydrogen bonds
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adhesion
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the attraction between different kinds of molecules
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thermal energy
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total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms + molecules in a a sample of matter
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temperature
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measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance
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solution
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uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
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solvent
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substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance + is present in a lesser amount
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aqueous solution
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solution in which water is the solvent
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acid
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compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution + measures less than 7 on the pH scale
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base
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compound that removes H+ ions to an aqueous solution + measures more than 7 on the pH scale
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pH scale
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range of #'s used to describe how acidic or basic a solution; 0(most acidic) - 14(most basic)
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buffer
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substance that maintains fairly constant pH in solution by accepting H+ ions when their levels rise + donating H+ ions when their levels fall
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chemical equilibrium
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when in chemical reactions, these substances form + break down @ the same rate + the # of molecules in each substance becomes definite + constant
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