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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Globalization |
Increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, practical and cultural change. |
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16th Century Globalization (Primarily Economic) |
- Competitive system of countries - International agencies |
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Modern Globalization (Economic, Culturally, Technological) |
- Speed - Scale - Connections on multiple dimensions - Complexity of relation |
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Characteristics of Organization on a Global Context |
- Power - Wealth - Access to resources - Transportation and communication connections |
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Dynamic Organization of the World |
- Different Condition - Different relationships |
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Human Geographies |
- Extent: spatial pattern on global scale - Conditions that created each geography |
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Mini Systems |
- First shift from nematic to social system - Society with reciprocal economies ~ Reciprocal - share surplus within community |
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Reciprocal |
Share surplus within a community |
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Agricultural Breakthroughs |
- Fire - Animals - Tools |
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New Ways of Human Organizations from Agricultural Breakthroughs |
- Higher population densities - Kin -> community - Non-agricultural items - Expansion of barter system |
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Where did mini-systems developed? |
general areas conducive to agriculture |
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Where did mini-systems developed? |
Point of Origin - Hearth areas: geographic setting where new practices develop and from which they spread |
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Hearth Areas |
geographic setting where new practices develop and from which they spread |
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Early Empires |
Group of mini-systems that have been absorbed into a common political system |
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Reason for development of empires |
Primarily economic - safety and order in exchange for wealth |
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Reason for development of empires |
redistribution of wealth - Tax to move wealth from workers to elite - methods of redistribution ~ Force ~ Religious Persuasion |
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Empires were dynamic why? |
constantly seeking growth |
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Law of diminishing returns |
Tendency for productivity of a given resources base to diminish after a certain point with the continued addition of capital and/or later |
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How empires are dynamic? |
Imperialism and Colonialism |
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Imperialism |
Deliberate exercise of power and economic influence by a more powerful state over less powerful state to advance and secure their national/economic interests - Explotation of indigenous populations, natural resources or both |
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Colonialism |
Involves formal establishment and maintenance of rule by an independent power (nation) over a foreign population through the establishment of settlements |
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Colonialism |
- A type of imperialism - Involves colonization |
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Colonization |
Physical settlement in a new territory by people from colonizing state |
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Spatial Results of Colonization |
- Development of a heirachy of settlement ~~ inherently unequal |
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Spatial Results of Colonization |
- Extensive transportation networks - City and Urban System development |
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Function of Cities |
- Commercial Centers - Military Outposts - Religious Centers |
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Geography and Organization of Colonization |
Major regions of trade - Feudal Europe - Asia - North and East Africa Minor Region - Andes in South America |
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World System (16th-19th Century) |
Independent system of countries linked by political and economic competition |
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World System (16th-19th Century) Geographical Organization |
European Centered heirachy - Reasons for European domination (high pop, not much food caused expansion) - Result of European domination (monarchies competing) |
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World System (16th-19th Century) Geographical Organization |
Based on merchant capitalism –2 main trade systems: • Triangular Trade system Based on slavery Europe – West Africa – Caribbean/Eastern North America • Europe with South and East Asia |
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World System (16th-19th Century) Geographical Organization |
Not completely global • Some places incorporated into this global system --Americas, Caribbean, India, ports in Africa and China ---2 Scenarios for incorporation ~~~NOT a partnership • External regions: Places not absorbed into the system |
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Limiting Factors of World Systems |
- Energy - Material - Transportation |
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Industrial Revolution |
- Development and spread of industrial methods of production - New production technology > greater efficiency > available, investible capital > potential growths - Tech Advances > transportation |
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Impact of Industrial Revolution on Global Human Geography |
- Relationships between places intensified - Shift in thinking about places from trade partners ~ Sources of raw material ~ Sources of labor/ production ~ Market places ~ Transportation |
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Impact of Industrial Revolution on Global Human Geography |
Extent of the system expanded - increasing to become encompassing |
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Core - Periphery |
increasingly interconnected, highly structured relationship between places - hierarchy |
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Core |
- Diverse Economy - High Productivity - High Prosperity - Advanced Technology - Dominate Trade - Control Technology |
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Semi-Periphery |
- In Transition - Increasing in industrial production - Beginning industrialization - Exploit Periphery - Exploit by Core |
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Periphery |
- Narrowly specialized economy - Low productivity - Small share of wealth - Primitive Technology - Dependent and disadvantaged trade relationship with other countries |
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Main Characteristics of Core-Periphery |
Dynamic, unequal, competitive |
