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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
lesion
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tissue destruction.
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electroencephalogram
(EEG) |
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface.
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positron emission tomography scan
(PET) |
a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.
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magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) |
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue.
These scans show brain anatomy. |
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functional MRI
(fMRI) |
a technique for revealing bloodflow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans.
These scans show brain function. |
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brainstem
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the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull.
Responsible for automatic survival functions. |
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medulla
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the base of the brainstem.
Controls heartbeat and breathing. |
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reticular formation
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a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.
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thalamus
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located on top of the brainstem, directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
the brain's sensory switchboard. |
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cerebellum
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the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
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limbic system
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neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associate with emotions and drives.
Includes: hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. |
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amygdala
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two lima bean-sized clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion.
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hypothalamus
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a neural structure lying below the thalamus.
Directs several maintenance activities and helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. Linked to emotion and reward. |
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cerebral cortex
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the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres.
The body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |
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glial cells
(glia) |
cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons.
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frontal lobes
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portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.
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parietal lobes
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portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the read; receives sensory input for touch and body position.
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occipital lobes
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portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields.
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temporal lobes
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portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear.
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motor cortex
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an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.
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sensory cortex
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area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.
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association areas
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areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions, but in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
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plasticity
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the brain's ability to change by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.
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neurogenesis
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the formation of new neurons
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corpos callosum
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the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
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split brain
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a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them.
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