Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining The Body As A Whole

Front 1

Anabolism

Back 1

Process of building up large protiens from smaller prices of proteins (amino acids)

Ana- bol- cast ism- process

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

The process of complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy that can be release (by the mitochondria)

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

The structure that's surrounds and protects the cell. Also decides what enters and leaves the cell

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

A rod-shapes structure in the nucleus that contains regions of DNA called genes. Every cells has 46 pairs of chromosomes except for the egg and sperm

Front 5

Cytoplasm

Back 5

All the materials found outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane.

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arrange like a sequence of recipes include it direct activities of the cell.

Front 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm, this is where large protiens are made from amino acids.

Front 8

Genes

Back 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Front 9

Karyotype

Back 9

A picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in a numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

The total of all the chemical processes in a cell. This includes anabolism and catabolism.

If a person has a 'fast metabolism' this is due to foods ie: sugar and fat being using uo very quickly & released.

'Slow metabolism' means the foods are burned slowly and fat accumulates in the cell.

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

Principal source of energy for the cell by using nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food.

What is the process that is required for energy to be created?

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Control center of the cell. Contain the chromosomes within and directs the activities of the cell

Front 13

Histologist

Back 13

Specialist in the study of tissue

Front 14

Viscera

Back 14

Internal organs

Front 15

Abdomin/o

Back 15

Abdomen

Front 16

Abdominal

Back 16

Pertaining to the abdomen

Front 17

Adip/o

Back 17

Fat

Front 18

Adipose

Back 18

Collection of fat tissues

Front 19

Anter/o

Back 19

Front

Front 20

Anterior

Back 20

Pertaining to the front

Front 21

Cervic/o

Back 21

Neck (Of the body or uterus)

Front 22

CF: bol/o

Back 22

To cast (throw)

Front 23

Anabolism

Back 23

Build up of proteins

Front 24

Chondr/o

Back 24

Cartilage (type of cennective tissue)

Front 25

Chondroma

Back 25

Tumor of cartilage

Front 26

Chondrosarcoma

Back 26

Tumor of cartilage flesh

Front 27

Chrom/o

Back 27

Color

Front 28

Chromosomes

Back 28

Bodies of color

Front 29

Coccyg/o

Back 29

Coccyx (Tailbone)

Front 30

Coccygeal

Back 30

Pertaining to the tailbone

Front 31

Crani/o

Back 31

Skull

Front 32

Craniotomy

Back 32

Incision of the skull

Front 33

Cyto/o

Back 33

Cell

Front 34

Cytoplasm

Back 34

Cell formation

Front 35

Dist/o

Back 35

Far, distant

Front 36

Distal

Back 36

Pertaining to distant

Front 37

Dors/o

Back 37

Back portion of the body

Front 38

Dorsal

Back 38

Pertaining to the back portion of the body

Front 39

Hist/o

Back 39

Tissue

Front 40

Histology

Back 40

The study of tissue

Front 41

Ili/o

Back 41

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 42

Iliac

Back 42

Pertaining to the ilium

Front 43

Inguin/o

Back 43

Groin

Front 44

Inguinal

Back 44

Pertaining to the groin

Front 45

Kary/o

Back 45

Nucleus

Front 46

Karyotype

Back 46

Picture of a nucleus

Front 47

Later/o

Back 47

Side

Front 48

Lateral

Back 48

Pertaining to the side

Front 49

Lumb/o

Back 49

Lower back (side & back b/w ribs & pelvis)

Front 50

Lumbosacral

Back 50

Pertaining to the sacrum of the lower back

Front 51

Medi/o

Back 51

Middle

Front 52

Medial

Back 52

pertaining to the middle

Front 53

Nucle/o

Back 53

Nucleus

Front 54

Nucleic

Back 54

Pertaining to the nucleus

Front 55

Pelvi/o

Back 55

Pelvis / hip bone

Front 56

Poster/o

Back 56

Back, behind

Front 57

Posterior

Back 57

Pertaining to the back

Front 58

Proxim/o

Back 58

Nearest

Front 59

Proximal

Back 59

Pertaining to the nearest

Front 60

Sacr/o

Back 60

Sacrum

Front 61

Sacral

Back 61

Pertaining to the sacrum

Front 62

Spin/o

Back 62

Spine

Front 63

Spinal

Back 63

Pertaining to the spine

Front 64

Thel/o, theli/o

Back 64

Nipple

Front 65

Epithelial cells

Back 65

Pertaining to the nipple cells above

Front 66

Thorac/o

Back 66

Chest

Front 67

Thoracic

Back 67

Pertaining to the chest

Front 68

Trache/o

Back 68

Windpipe, trachea

Front 69

Tracheal

Back 69

Pertaining to the trachea

Front 70

Umbilica/o

Back 70

Navel, umbilicus

Front 71

Umbilical

Back 71

Pertaining to the navel

Front 72

Ventr/o

Back 72

Belly side of the body

Front 73

Ventral

Back 73

Pertaining to the belly side of the body

Front 74

Vertabr/o

Back 74

Vertabra, backbones

Front 75

Vertabral

Back 75

Pertaining to the vertabra

Front 76

Pre: ana-

Back 76

Up

Front 77

Pre: cata-

Back 77

Down

Front 78

Pre: epi

Back 78

Above

Front 79

Pre: hypo

Back 79

Below

Front 80

Pre: inter

Back 80

Between

Front 81

Pre: meta-

Back 81

Change

Front 82

Suff: -eal

Back 82

Pertaining to

Front 83

Suff: -iac

Back 83

Pertaining to

Front 84

Suff: -ior

Back 84

Pertaining to

Front 85

suff: -ism

Back 85

Process, condition

Front 86

Suff: -ose

Back 86

Pertaining to, full of

Front 87

Suff: -plasm

Back 87

Formation

Front 88

Suff: -somes

Back 88

Bodies

Front 89

Suff: -type

Back 89

Picture, classification

Front 90

Tissue

Back 90

A group of similar cells working together to do a specific task

Front 91

Epithelial cells

Back 91

These cells are found all of the body. They are found within the internal lines of the organs and the outer surface of the skin.

Front 92

Muscle tissue

Back 92

Muscle tissue are located in the legs, arms as these are voluntary muscle cells because movement is consciously done. Muscle tissue that are located in the body such as the digestive system, the heart, endocrine system they practice movement in an unconscious manner involuntarily.

Front 93

Connective Tissue

Back 93

Connective tissue is adipose tissue and cartilage tissue which is elastic fibrosis tissue attach the external points of the nose and ear as well as between the bones and joints

Front 94

Nerve tissue

Back 94

Nerve tissue conducts impulses all over the body

Front 95

Organs

Back 95

Different tissues working together to make an organ

Front 96

System

Back 96

Different organs working together to do a complex function

Front 97

Digestive system

Back 97

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 98

Endocrine system

Back 98

Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands ( ovaries & testes ) adrenal gland, pancreas (islets of langerhans), parathyroid gland

Front 99

Urinary/ excretory system

Back 99

Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder which conveys urine

Front 100

Respiratory system

Back 100

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Front 101

Reproductive system

Back 101

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, mammary glands

Male: testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, urethra, penis

Front 102

Nervous system

Back 102

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, collection of nerves

Front 103

Circulatory system

Back 103

Heart, aorta, blood vessels ( arteries, veins, capillaries) spleen, lymphatic vessels and nodes, thymus gland

Front 104

Muscoskelatal system

Back 104

Muscles, bones, joints,

Front 105

Body cavity

Back 105

A space within the body contain viscera

Front 106

Cranial

Back 106

Brain, pituitary gland

Front 107

Thoracic cavity

Back 107

Heart, aorta, lungs, bronchial tubes, espohagus, trachea, thyroid gland

Pleural Cavity is a space that surrounds and protects the lungs as a double membrane

Mediastinum is the space between the lungs holding the rest of the thoracic cavity

Front 108

Abdominal cavity (anterior)

Back 108

The peritoneum syrrounds the abdominal cavity as a double folded memebrane. The kidneys are nested around the retroperitoneum contains: stomach, spleen, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

The diaphragm divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 109

Pelvic cavity (anterior)

Back 109

Part of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra, uterus, vagina

Front 110

Spinal cavity (posterior)

Back 110

Nerves of the spinal cord

Front 111

Abdomin pelvic cavitu

Back 111

Because there is no literal wall between the two cavities unlike the thoracic and abdominal, the two are names thus.