Chapter 2 Terms

Front 1

is the body cavity of the human body (and animal bodies) that holds the bulk of the viscera. It is located below (or inferior to) the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and large intestine

Back 1

Abdominal cavity

Front 2

is a cancer of epithelia originating in glandular tissue

Back 2

adenocarcinoma

Front 3

s a benign tumor (-oma) of glandular origin. Adenomas can grow from many organs including the colon, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid, etc.

Back 3

adenoma

Front 4

condition in which the glands become soft

Back 4

adenomalacia

Front 5

glandular hardening

Back 5

adenosclerosis

Front 6

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Back 6

anaplasia

Front 7

study and science of the structure of an organism and its parts

Back 7

anatomy

Front 8

marked abnormality, as of an organ or part, esp. a congenital or inherited defect

Back 8

anomaly

Front 9

at or toward the front of a part, organ, or structure, or toward the head

Back 9

anterior

Front 10

failure of an organ or part to develop

Back 10

aplasia

Front 11

pert. to the lower part; inferior in position

Back 11

caudal

Front 12

association with the head

Back 12

cephallic

Front 13

threadlike structure in every cell nucleus that carries the inheritance factors composed of DNA

Back 13

chromosome

Front 14

disease transmitted from one person or animal to another, either directly through body discharges, or indirectly through substances or objects

Back 14

communicable disease

Front 15

birth defect, abnormality, esp. a structural one, present at birth

Back 15

congenital anomaly

Front 16

all of the substance of a cell outside the nucleus

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

away from the center, toward the far end of something; farthest from the point of origin

Back 17

distal

Front 18

pert. to the back or posterior

Back 18

dorsal

Front 19

defect in the sense of touch

Back 19

dysaphia

Front 20

native to a given population or area, occuring frequently in a given group or community. pert. to a disease

Back 20

endemic

Front 21

any ductless gland that releases its secretion, a hormone, into the bloodstream

Back 21

endocrine gland

Front 22

outbreak of an infectious disease in which many people in a given geographic area are readily affected with the disorder

Back 22

epidemic

Front 23

above the stomach, in the epigastrium, the region of the abdomen just below the chest

Back 23

epigastric region

Front 24

study of the cause of disease

Back 24

etiology

Front 25

gland that discharges its secretion usually through a duct, to an adjacent epithelial surface, as the sweat glands discharge onto the skin surface

Back 25

exocrine gland

Front 26

condition in which a body part functions abnormally, although it is physically normal; in other words, a disorder marked by symptoms and signs for which no anatomical or physiological cause can be identified

Back 26

functional disorder

Front 27

any disorder or abnormality that results form inherited factors

Back 27

genetic disease

Front 28

inherited disorder characterized by excessive bleeding and occurring only in males

Back 28

hemophillia

Front 29

the science of tissues, including their cellular composition and organization

Back 29

histology

Front 30

steady state in the internal environment of the body

Back 30

homeostasis

Front 31

excessive formation of cells

Back 31

hyperplasia

Front 32

increase in the size of an organ

Back 32

hypertrophy

Front 33

underdevelopment of an organ

Back 33

hypoplasia

Front 34

pert. to a condition caused by medical diagnostic procedures, or exposure to medical treament, facilities, and personnel

Back 34

iatrogenic

Front 35

of unknown cause

Back 35

idiopathic

Front 36

disease caused by a pathogenic agent, such as bacteria or virus

Back 36

infectious disease

Front 37

pert. to the groin

Back 37

inguinal

Front 38

situated toward the midline of the body

Back 38

medial

Front 39

fold of peritoneum that holds abdominal organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen

Back 39

mesentary

Front 40

infection acquired in the hospital

Back 40

nosocomial infection

Front 41

widespread epidemic occuring throughout the country or world

Back 41

pandemic

Front 42

lower part of the trunk of the body composed of right and left hip bones

Back 42

pelvis

Front 43

serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall and envelops the organs contained in the abdomen

Back 43

peritoneum

Front 44

inflammation of the peritoneum caused by bacteria or irritating substances

Back 44

peritonitis

Front 45

genetic disorder in which the absence of, or defiency in, the enzyme neccessary for conversion of the amio acid phenylaline and its metabolites in the body and the urine.

Back 45

phenylketonuria

Front 46

branch of science dealing with the normal chemical and physical functioning of living organisms.

Back 46

physiology

Front 47

pert. to, situated in, or toward the back or the back part of a structure

Back 47

posterior

Front 48

nearer or toward an axis or center, as the trunk of the body

Back 48

proximal

Front 49

are specialized cells that ar able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division. this is in contrast to other tpyes of cells that have a specialized role and die after a determined lifespan

Back 49

stem cells

Front 50

also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.

Back 50

thoracic cavity

Front 51

is a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. A transverse plane can be at the waist or at any other level across the body

Back 51

transverse plane

Front 52

commonly known as the belly button or naval. this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the part where the umbillical cord was attached during birth.

Back 52

umbillicus

Front 53

is the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector. as used here, the term vector describes insects or animals such as flies, mites, etc.

Back 53

vector borne transmission

Front 54

located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis.

Back 54

ventral cavity