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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wat Tyler
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Led a large-scale uprising in England in 1381
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Joan of Arc
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Led the French to military victories in the Hundred Years' War. She was later burned at the stake by the English, after she was convicted of heresy and witchcraft.
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John Wyclif
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Taught at Oxford. Around 1380 he began to say that the true church could do without elaborate possessions, and that an organized church may not be necessary for salvation, since ordinary, devout people could do without priests and obtain salvation from reading the Bible. He also translated the Bible into English.
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John Huss
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Led a group of people in Bohemia with similar ideas to those of Wyclif. His followers became both a religious group and a political party, protesting against the supremacy of the Germans living in Bohemia.
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Black Death
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Wiped out about half of Europe's population in the fourtheenth century
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Bubonic plague
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the plague which was known as the Black Death
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Jacqueries
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massive insurrections and rebellions of peasants in France
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the Hundred Years' War
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War between France and England, began in 1337
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the War of the Roses
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War between the English upper-class, lasting from 1450 to 1485. So-named because the opposing sides had red and white roses as their symbols.
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Unam Sanctam
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Famous bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302. It declared that there was no salvation outside of the Roman Church, and that "every human creature" was "subject to the Roman pontiff."
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Babylonian Captivity
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The time period beginning when French influence in the College of Cardinals brought about a pope favorable to France, and thus moving the papacy to Avignon, France
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flagellants
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An order of people who would go through the street, in pairs, and beat each other with chains and whips
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Lollards
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A group of people in England who realized the corruption of the upper-class
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Piers Plowman
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Written by William Langland in the 1360s. It contrasted the suffering of the honest poor with the hypocrisy and corruption in high places
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Conciliar Movement
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A movement to reform the papacy and upper clergy. In 1409 a council met at Pisa. The council declared both popes deposed, elected a new one, but because the first two refused to resign, the Church now had three popes. A later council was held at Constance, which was successful
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simony
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to buy or sell a church office
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concubinage
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to live with many mistresses
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nepotism
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abuse of authority by a bishop or other ecclesiastic; to give lucrative church positions to his own children or relatives
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indulgences
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encouraged by Pope Boniface VIII; if a person properly confessed, absolved, and was truly repentant, they might, by obtaining one of these, be spared the temporal punishments of purgatory
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