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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biochemistry
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the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter.
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All chemicals in the body fall into one of two major classes:
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Organic and Inorganic Compounds
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Contain carbon, covalently bonded molecules and many are large
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Organic compounds
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all other chemicals in the body includes, H2O, salts, acids and bases.
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Inorganic compounds
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Most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material, makes up 60-80% of volume of most living cells
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Water
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The reasons for water to be so vital to life:
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High heat capacity, vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, and cushioning.
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High Heat Capacity
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absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before changing appreciably in temperature itself.
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Water is a unparalleled solvent and is often called
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"universal solvent"
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"water splitting" ADDING a water molecule to each bond to be broken
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hydrolysis reaction
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A water molecule is REMOVED for every bond formed
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dehydration synthesis
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Forming a resilient ______around certain body organs, water helps protect them from physical trauma.
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cushioning
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An ionic compounds containing cations other thank Hydrogen
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SALTS
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All ions are _____.
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electrolytes
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Common salts found in the body:
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NaCl, CaCO3, KCL
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Most plentiful salts found in the body:
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Calcium phosphates
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Salts play a ____ role in body function
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vital
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Maintaining proper ionic blance in our body fluids is one of the most crucial ____ roles of the kidneys.
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homeostatic
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Like salt, _____ and _____ are electrolytes
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acid; bases
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A substance that releases hydrogen ions and a proton donor
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Acids
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Acid have:
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sour taste ,
can react with (dissolved) many metals, burn a hole in your rug. |
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Strong Acids completely irreversibility in water
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hydrochloric acid; sulfuric acid
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A weak acid
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carbonic acid
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they make up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts and are proton acceptors.
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Bases
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Base have a
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bitter taste,
feel slippery |
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Bases are like acid and ____ in water.
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dissociate
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Strong Base:
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hydroxide like Milk of Magnesium, Sodium hydroxide
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weak base:
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bicarbonate ion
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The relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids is measured in concentration units called
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pH units
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pH level of distilled water
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pH 7
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pH levels below 7 units are known as
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acidic
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pH levels higher than 7 units are known as
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alkaline
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Chemical system (proteins and other types of molecules) carefully regulated by the kidneys and lungs to maintain homeostasis
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Buffer
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normal pH of blood
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7.35 to 7.45
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If pH levels exceed limits for than a few tenths it may be ____.
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fatel
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