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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neuron
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a nerve cell: the basic building block of the nervous system
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dendrite
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the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses.toward the cell body. dendrites listen
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axon
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the extension of a neuron, ending in branching teminal fibers-axons speak
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Action potential
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A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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threshold
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the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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synapse
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the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap
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neurotransmitter
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chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons.
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myelin sheath
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main function to enable greater speed of neural impulses-makes JUMPS
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agonist
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a drug that increases the probability of neurotransmission
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endorphin
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analgesic
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glutamate
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major excitory neurotransmitter
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Central Nervous System
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Spinal cord and brain
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Peripheral Nervous System
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everything else-details are Somatic and Autonomic-Parasympahetic and Sympathetic systems.
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Sympathetic Nervous systems
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excitory-Fight or flight.
UPS the heart, dilates eyes, adrenal gland, stims glucose release by liverm kidney secretions of epinephrine and norephinephrine Downs digestion |
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Parasympathetic
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Calming-digestion and rest
Contracts pupils, down heartbeat, bladder stims digestion |
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autonomic
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self regulating
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somatic nervous system
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voluntary control of our skeletal muscles.
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interneurons
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central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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Nerves!
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neural CABLES containing many axons. These bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connece the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs. Big, lotta lotta
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Nerves vs Tract
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Nerves outside the nervous system, Tract inside the nervous system the BRAIN
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Motor neurons
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carry OUTgoing messages from cns to muscles. presumably carry them out too
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polysnaptic reflexes
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the example is of a hand to a candle. The first message is to the CNS, and is automatic. move hand away, but also, the slower response tells the brain that the candle was hot, and don't do that again.
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reflex-
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simple autonomic inborn/innate response to a sensory stimulus
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Neural networks
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allow us to strengthen our mental connections.
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Franz Gall
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phrenology- that beginnings of the idea that different parts of the brain have different functions
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemical messenger released from the ends of axon knobs and binding to next neuron
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6 major neurotransmitters
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acetylcholine-muscles
Dopamine-movement learning attention Seratonin- mood hunger, sleep, arousal Norephinephrine-alertness arousal Gaba-inhibitory Glutomate-excitory |
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association areas
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non committed parts of the brain.
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