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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lesion
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destruction of brain tissue eithher naturally or experimentally
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phineas gage
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man who got a rod stuck thru his frontal lobe; memories and thinking stayed intact, lost his personality
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EEG
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amplified recordings of waves of electrical activity. measures by placing electronides on the scalp
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PET
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scan showing activity using radioactive gglucose
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MRI
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using magnetic fields and radio waves produce computer generated images
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fMRI
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reveals bloodflow and brain activity by comparison to MRI scans
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medulla
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swellin point of brainstem- responsiblefor breathing blood pressure and heartbeat
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reticular formation RAS
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midbrain, netlike nerve network in brainstem, plays role in arousal, and focus
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reticular formation RAS
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midbrain, netlike nerve network in brainstem, plays role in arousal, and focus
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fissures
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wrinkly part of the cerebral cortex
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thalamus
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brains sensory switchboard; records all senses except smell. directs messages and transmits replies
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cerebellum
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little brain. processes sensory input and coordinating mvement out put and balance. judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures
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hindbrain/lower brainreptilian brain
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older brain structure, includes cerebellum, medulla, and pons.
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forebrain
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where thought and reason take place; contains: the thalamus, cerebrum, hypothalamus (part of the limbic system)
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limbic system
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doughnut shaped system ofneural structures, border of the brain stem and cerebral hemispheres; affects emotions like fear, agression, drives food and sex; contains: hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
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amygdala
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involved in learning of fear and aggression
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hippocampus
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memory area; found in the limbic system
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cerebral cortex
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covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate controla nd imformation processing center
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glial cells
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cells that nourish/protect/support neurons
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frontal lobes
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lobe behind forehead, contorls speaking, muscle movements, make plans for future and judements
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parietal lobes
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top, rear; controls sensory input, senses touch and body position
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occipital lobes
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found at the back of the head- visual center
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temporal lobes
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side, just above ears, recieve auditory information
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motor cortex
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like a headband shape, controls voluntary movements
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sensory cortex
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at the front of the parietal lobes, registers body touch movement and sensations; more sensitive region- large cortical area
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assocation areas
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areas not involved with motor/sensory explicitly; highter mental functions- learning, remembering, speaking, thinking; integrates information
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aphasia
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imapired use of language
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broca's area
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controls language expression: speaking; l hemisphere of frontal lobe
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wernicke's area
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controls understanding (language reception, comprehension, expression) left temporal lobe
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angular gyrus
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recieves visual information (reading out loud) then sends to different areas to recode/give meaning to, etc
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plasticity
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capacity of the brain to modify itself, reorganize post damage
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corpus callosum
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large band of neural fibers connecting the brains two hemisph; carrying messages between
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split brain
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when the corpus callosum is severed, the brain essentially is operating two different/independent minds
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hemispheric lateralization
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briefly artifically/scientifically splitting the brain without actually cutting the corpus callosum, used for experiments and stuff
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michael gazzaniga and roger sperry
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primary and preliminary (pioneer) scientists studying split brain
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