Chapter 2: Neuroscience

Front 1

Neurons

Back 1

Little bits that make up the nervous system. They relay messages

Front 2

3 Parts to neurons

Back 2

Dendrites, Axons, and Myelin Sheath

Front 3

Dendrites

Back 3

Fibers projecting out of the cell body of a neuron whose function is to receive information from other neurons

Front 4

Axons

Back 4

transmit, send info. away

Front 5

Cell Body

Back 5

The part of a neuron that contains its nucleus and the other biological machinery to keep the cell alive and that decides whether or not to generate a neural impulse in order to pass incoming information on to other neurons.

Front 6

Myelin Sheath

Back 6

insulation that wraps around Axon, helps further send the information better, women have thicker ones than men

Front 7

gray matter

Back 7

all the cell bodies in the brain (cell bodies thicker that's the reason for this color)

Front 8

White matter

Back 8

all the Axons in the brain

Front 9

2 parts in the peripheral nervous system

Back 9

somatic and autonomic

Front 10

Somatic Nervous System

Back 10

Carries messages from sense organs, joints, and skin

Front 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 11

Carries messages to glands and visceral organs (heart, stomach, etc.)

Front 12

What are the 2 parts to the autonomic nervous system?

Back 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 13

Characteristics of sympathetic nervous system?

Back 13

dilates pupils, contracts blood vessels, speeds heart rate, inhibits salivation, activates sweat glands

Front 14

Characteristics of Parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 14

contracts pupils, dilates blood vessels, slows heart rate, activates salivation, inhibits sweat glands

Front 15

James-Lange Theory

Back 15

physiological arousal and behavioral responses then emotional feeling

Front 16

Cannon-Bard Theory

Back 16

physiological arousal and behavioral responses and emotional feeling happens simultaneously

Front 17

Schachter- Singer two-factor Theory

Back 17

physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal of situation, then emotional feeling

Front 18

Medulla

Back 18

A brain stem structure involved in many essential body functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, digestion, and swallowing

Front 19

Reticular formation

Back 19

A network of neurons running up the center of the brain stem that is responsible for our different levels of arousal and consciousness.

Front 20

Cerebellum

Back 20

A part of the brain involved in the coordination of our movements, sense of balance, and motor learning

Front 21

Thalamus

Back 21

A part of the brain that serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information

Front 22

Hypothalamus

Back 22

A part of the brain that is involved in regulation basic drives such as eating, drinking, and sex. It also directs the endocrine glandular system through its control of the pituitary gland and the autonomic nervous system to maintain the body's internal environment

Front 23

Hippocampus

Back 23

A part of the brain involved in the formation of memories

Front 24

Basic Structure of Brain (Cerebral Cortex)

Back 24

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

Front 25

Frontal Lobe

Back 25

)Biggest part) responsible for motor control, smell, higher order mental abilities (reasoning, planning, and logic)

Front 26

Temporal lobe

Back 26

Responsible for hearing and language

Front 27

Parietal lobe

Back 27

Responsible for sensation (touch, temperature, pressure)

Front 28

Occipital lobe

Back 28

Responsible for vision

Front 29

Broca's Area

Back 29

Responsible for fluent speech production, located in the left frontal lobe (ability to speak language)

Front 30

Wernicke's Area

Back 30

An area in the cerebral cortex responsible for the comprehension of speech and text. It is located in the left temporal lobe.

Front 31

Right Hemisphere

Back 31

Big Picture (Forest)

Front 32

Left Hemisphere

Back 32

Details (Trees)

Front 33

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 33

Only records at the scalp not the clearest picture we may want

Front 34

Positron Emission Topography (PET) scan

Back 34

Reveals function of the brain in those specific areas (radio active glucose, have to swallow one to get this done).

Front 35

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Back 35

Allows us to see both structure and function in the brain, relies on oxygen in the blood to get the picture...gives a sharper picture and not invasive

Front 36

Brain as a System (what are the systems)

Back 36

Developing System and Interacting System

Front 37

Developing System

Back 37

Neural pruning which improves neural efficiency and neurogenesis which is growing new neurons in cortex and hippocampus

Front 38

Interacting System

Back 38

Parallel processing which is not serial processing, you do multiple things at one time and serial which is all in a straight line

Front 39

Three Components of Emotion

Back 39

Physical, Behavioral, and Cognitive (see theories of emotion)