Chapter 2 Key Terms

Front 1

Uterus

Back 1

The pear-shaped muscular organ in a women's body that houses the developing baby

Front 2

Cervix

Back 2

The neck, or narrow lower portion, of the uterus

Front 3

Fallopian tube

Back 3

One of a pair of slim, pipe like structures that connect the ovaries with the uterus

Front 4

Ovary

Back 4

One of a pair of almond- shaped organs that contain a women's ova, or eggs

Front 5

Ovum

Back 5

An egg cell containing the genetic material contributed by the mother to the baby

Front 6

Feritlization

Back 6

The union of the sperm and the egg

Front 7

Ovulation

Back 7

The moment during a women's monthly cycle when an ovum is expelled from the ovary

Front 8

Hormones

Back 8

Chemical substances released in the bloodstream that target and change organs and tissues

Front 9

Testes

Back 9

Male organs that manufacture sperm

Front 10

Chromosome

Back 10

A threadlike strand of DNA located in the nucleus of every cell that carries the genes, which transmit hereditary information

Front 11

DNA

Back 11

The material that makes up genes, which bear our hereditary characteristics

Front 12

Gene

Back 12

A segment of DNA that contains a chemical blueprint for manufacturing a particular protien

Front 13

Germinal stage

Back 13

The first 14 days of prenatal development, from fertilization to implantation

Front 14

Zygote

Back 14

A fertilized ovum (Germinal stage)

Front 15

Blastocyst

Back 15

The hollow sphere of cells formed during the germinal stage of preparation for implantation(Germinal stage)

Front 16

Placenta

Back 16

The structure projecting from the wall of the uterus during pregnancy through which the developing baby absorbs nutrients ( Germinal stage)

Front 17

Implantation

Back 17

The process in which a blastocyst becomes embedded in the uterine wall (Geminal stage)

Front 18

Embryonic stage

Back 18

The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from week 3 to week 8

Front 19

Neural tube

Back 19

A cylindrical structure that forms along the back of the embryo and develops into the brain and spinal cord (Embryonic stage)

Front 20

Neroun

Back 20

A nerve cell (Embryonic stage)

Front 21

Proximodistal sequence

Back 21

The developmetal principle that growth occurs from the most interior parts of the body outward

Front 22

Cephalocaudal sequence

Back 22

The developmental principle that growth occurs in a sequence from head to toe

Front 23

Mass to specifc sequence

Back 23

The developmental principle that large structures ( and movment) precede increasingly detailed refinements

Front 24

Fetal stage

Back 24

The final period of prenatal development lasting seven months, characterized by physical refinements, massive growth, and the development of the brain

Front 25

Age of viability

Back 25

The earliest point at which a baby can survive outside of the womb

Front 26

Umbilical Cord

Back 26

The structure that attaches the placenta to the fetus, through which nutrients are passed and fetal waste are removed

Front 27

Amniotic Sac

Back 27

A bag-shaped, fliud-filled membrane that contains and insulates the fetus

Front 28

Gestation

Back 28

The period of pregnacy

Front 29

Trimester

Back 29

on of the 3- month long segments into which pregnancy is divided

Front 30

Misscarriage

Back 30

The naturally occurring loss of a pregnancy and death of a fetus

Front 31

Quickening

Back 31

A pregnant woman's first feeling of the fetus moving inside her body

Front 32

Birth Deffect

Back 32

A physical or neurological problem that occurs prenatally or at birth

Front 33

Teratogen

Back 33

A substance that crosses the placenta and harms the fetus

Front 34

Sensitive Period

Back 34

The time when a body structure is most vulnerable to damage by a teratogen, typically when that organ or process is rapidly developing or coming "on line".

Front 35

Developmental disorders

Back 35

Learning impairments and behavioral problems during infancy and childhood

Front 36

Fetal alcohol Syndrome( FAS)

Back 36

A cluster of birth defects caused by the mothers alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Front 37

Fetal programing research

Back 37

New research discipline exploring the impact of traumatic pregnancy events and intense stress on producing low birth weight, obesity, and long term physical problems

Front 38

Down Syndrome

Back 38

The most common chromosomal abnormality, causing intellectual disability, susceptibilty to heart disease, and other health problems: Physical characteristics such as slanted eyes and stocky build

Front 39

Single gene disorder

Back 39

An illness caused by a single gene

Front 40

dominant disorder

Back 40

An illness that a child gets by inheriting one copy of the abnormal gene that causes the disorder

Front 41

recessive disorder

Back 41

An illness that a child gets by inheriting two copie of the abnormal gene that causes the disorder

Front 42

Sex linked diorders

Back 42

An illness carried on the mothers x chromosome, that typically leaves the females offspring unaffected but has a 50/50 chance of striking each male child

Front 43

Genetic testing

Back 43

A blood test to determine whether a person carries a gene for a given genetic disorder

Front 44

Genetic counsler

Back 44

A professional who counsels parents to be about their own or their children's risk of developing genetic disorders as well as about available treatments

Front 45

Ultasound

Back 45

Image of the fetus in the womb that helps to date the pregnancy, access the fetus growth, and identify abnormalities

Front 46

Chronic villus sampling (CVS)

Back 46

A relatively risky first trimester pregnancy test for fetal genetic disorders

Front 47

Amniocentesis

Back 47

A second trimester procedure that involves inserting a syringe into a women's uterus to extract a sample of amniotic fluid, which is tested for a variety of genetic and chromosomal conditions

Front 48

Infertility

Back 48

The inability to conceive after a year of having unprotected sex ( Includes the inability to carry a child to term.)

Front 49

Assistive reproductive technology (ART)

Back 49

Any infertility treatment in which the egg is fertilized outside the womb

Front 50

In vitro fertilization

Back 50

An infertility treatment in which conception occurs outside the womb; the developing cell mass is then inserted into the women's uterus so that pregnancy can occur

Front 51

Natural Birth

Back 51

A general term for labor and birth without medical interventions

Front 52

Cesarean section ( C-Section)

Back 52

A method of delivering a baby surgically by extracting the baby through incisions in the woman abdominal wall and in the uterus

Front 53

Apgar Scale

Back 53

A quick test to assess a babys condition after delivery by: measuring the heart rate, muscle tone, respiration, reflex response, and color

Front 54

Low birth weight (LBW)

Back 54

A body weight at birth of less than 5 and a half pounds

Front 55

Very low birth weight (VLBW)

Back 55

a body weight at birth less than 3/4 pounds

Front 56

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

Back 56

A special hospital unit that treats high risk newborns, such as low birth weight and very low birth weight

Front 57

Infant Mortality

Back 57

Death during the first year of life