Chapter 2- Very Important Phenomena

Front 1

Bill of Rights

Back 1

first ten amendments to the Constitution; established that the Constitutionallowed for change to the government

Front 2

District of Columbia

Back 2

land was donated by Maryland and Virginia for the new capital of thenation; no state could claim more power by having the federal capital and it was placed on theborder of the Northern and southern states

Front 3

Louisiana Purchase

Back 3

land purchased in 1803 from Napoleon of France; purchase challengedPresident Jefferson’s view on strict constructionalism

Front 4

Judicial Review

Back 4

the idea that the Supreme Court has the power to declare a lawunconstitutional or illegal

Front 5

McCulloch vs Maryland

Back 5

established that the federal government was superior to a states government; created the Bank of the US

Front 6

Gibbons vs Ogden

Back 6

established that states could only regulate trade within its borders and the federal givers would regulate trate between states

Front 7

Marbury vs Madison

Back 7

Supreme Court asserts power of judicial review of all laws passed by Congress

Front 8

Cohens vs Virginia

Back 8

reasserted federal judicial power over state courts; when states ratified the US Constitution they gave up some rights

Front 9

Monroe Doctrine

Back 9

foreign policy established by President Monroe 1) Europe could not interferewith affairs in North and South America 2) The US would not interfere with any of Europe’saffairs

Front 10

First Industrial Revolution

Back 10

occurred before the Civil War (1800-1860) and focused mainly inthe north with manufacturing and textile mills.

Front 11

Missouri Compromise

Back 11

admitted both Missouri and Maine to maintain the balance of power in the Senate; also prohibited slavery north of the 36°30’ line

Front 12

Spoils System

Back 12

giving government jobs to supporters or friends after a politician was elected

Front 13

Second Great Awakening

Back 13

an increase of people converting to Christianity and a recommitmentto Christ by many Christians; evidenced by increase of reform movements within the US(temperance, abolition, mental institutions, prison, etc)

Front 14

temperance

Back 14

drinking alcohol at a moderate level

Front 15

Abolition

Back 15

to end slavery

Front 16

Seneca Falls

Back 16

first organized meeting for women's rights

Front 17

Jacksonian Era

Back 17

a time in which control of the government was given back to the people

Front 18

Trail of Tears

Back 18

President Jackson ordered the removal of Cherokee Indians to the OklahomaTerritory; approximately 4,000 died during the forced march

Front 19

Manifest Destiny

Back 19

the idea that God had ordained the United States to extend from "sea to shining sea"

Front 20

Bear Flag Republic

Back 20

the name of California after it rebelled from Mexico and before it was annexed by the US

Front 21

Nullification

Back 21

the idea that a state could choose to not obey a law if they did not like it

Front 22

Compromise of 1850

Back 22

a second compromise over slavery to save the union; California was admitted into the union as a free state permanently giving the North more power in the Senate; the south received the Fugitive Slave Act which allowed slave owners to chase runaway slaves anywhere in the North; runaway slaves had to go all the way to Canada, not just across the Mason Dixon Line

Front 23

Antebellum [PART TWO- CW]

Back 23

time period before any way; specifically used for the time period before the Civil Wat in American history

Front 24

Sucede

Back 24

the idea that a state could leave the Union; Lincoln argued the Union was binding for eternity

Front 25

Underground Railroad

Back 25

informal network of abolitionists who brought runaway slaves from the South to the North

Front 26

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 26

a railroad that connected the east coast to the west coast; it was builtin the north because the South seceded from the Union; also attempt to bind the West to theUnion

Front 27

Fort Sumter

Back 27

first shot of the Civil War was fired here

Front 28

Confederacy

Back 28

name of the South after they sucede; Confederate States of America

Front 29

Antietam

Back 29

bloodiest battle in the Civil War; turning point for the north to winning the war

Front 30

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 30

freed all the slaves in the Confederacy

Front 31

Gettysburg Address

Back 31

famous speech given by Lincoln dedicating the battlefield that ALL men (black and white) were created equal

Front 32

Appomattox Courthouse

Back 32

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant here in April 1865

Front 33

Reconstruction

Back 33

era right after Civil War; provided time for the southern states to be rebuilt, re admitted to the Union and provided for the protection of civil rights of former slaves

Front 34

Radical Republicans

Back 34

these republicans wanted to punish the South for treason by making it very hard for the to reenter the union and protect former slaves' voting rights

Front 35

Wade Davis Bill

Back 35

a moderate Republican plan to allow southern states to be admitted when 10% of each state's population had taken an oath of allegiance; prohibited all former Confederate leaders from holding public office; did not protect African American Civil Rights

Front 36

Military Reconstruction Act

Back 36

the South was divided into 5 military districts headed by a Union general; each state had to draft a new constitution which gave all adult male the right to vote and ratify the 14th amendment

Front 37

Freedman's Bureau

Back 37

an organization that fed, clothed, housed, provided land to farm and gave job training to freedman( former slaves)

Front 38

13th amendment

Back 38

ended slavery

Front 39

14th amendment

Back 39

granted citizen to all people born in the United States (except Indians)

Front 40

15th amendment

Back 40

granted the right to vote to all former slaves

Front 41

Carpetbaggers

Back 41

Northerners that traveled to the South ( with suitcases made of carpet like material) to help rebuild the South

Front 42

Scalawags

Back 42

Southerners who worked with the Carpetbaggers rebuilding the South

Front 43

Compromise of 1877

Back 43

20 votes of the Electoral College came into dispute; in exchange for 19southern votes of the Electoral College to vote for Republican candidate Hayes, the last,military troops would be withdrawn from the south – effectively ending Reconstruction

Front 44

New South

Back 44

southern leaders tried to increase industry, establish a strong agricultural base, and return the social structure back to the antebellum period

Front 45

Black Codes

Back 45

laws passed by Democrat governments in the New South which established segregation

Front 46

Tenant Farmer

Back 46

southern farmers who paid rent for the land they farmed

Front 47

Sharecropper

Back 47

most tenant farmers could not keep up with the rent so they had to give a share of their crops to the landlord; tools seed animals ect. were all bought from the landlord

Front 48

Jim Crow Laws

Back 48

as part of the New South's social structure, laws were passed to prevent voting

Front 49

Poll Tax

Back 49

as a part of the New Souths social structure, blacks were taxed at the voting booth

Front 50

Grandfather Clause

Back 50

as part of the New South's social structure, only those whose grandfather could vote were allowed to vote; almost all grandfathers of blacks were slaves