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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functional groups are the sites of ________ _________ in the molecule.
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chemical reactivity
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What is a hydrocarbon?
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A structure that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
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What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
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A hydrocarbon that contains only C-C single bonds.
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What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
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Has C-C double or triple bonds.
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F.G of Alkanes
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C-C single bonds.
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What is an alkyl group?
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Obtained by the removal of hydrogen from an alkane.
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F.G of Alkenes
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C-C double bonds.
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F.G of Alkynes
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C-C triple bonds.
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F.G of Aromatics
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Aryl
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What is a phenyl group?
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Removal of a hydrogen from a benzene (aromatic).
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What is a benzyl group?
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Removal of a hydrogen from a toluene (aromatic).
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What are alkyl halides?
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They are alkanes where hydrogen(s) are replaced by F, Cl, Br or I.
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F.G of alkyl halides
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Halo
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How many carbons are attached to the carbon in a primary (1°) alkyl halide.
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1
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How many carbons are attached to the carbon in a secondary (2°) alkyl halide.
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2
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How many carbons are attached to the carbon in a tertiary (3°) alkyl halide.
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3
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F.G of Alcohols
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Hydroxyl
R---OH |
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F.G of Ethers
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Alkoxyl
R---O---R |
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F.G of Amines
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Amino
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How many carbons are attached to the nitrogen in a secondary (2°) amine?
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2
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How many carbons are attached to the nitrogen in a tertiary (3°) amine?
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3
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F.G of Nitriles
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cyano
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What characterizes a Nitrile?
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C-N triple bond
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F.G of Aldehydes?
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Carbonyl
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F.G of Ketones?
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Carbonyl
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How many carbons are attached to the central carbon in a ketone?
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2
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How many carbons are attached to the central carbon in an aldehyde?
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0 or 1
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F.G of Carboxylic Acids?
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Carboxyl
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F.G of Esters
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None.
Alkoxyl and carbonyl are main components. |
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What is an Ester?
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A central carbon attached to a carbonyl group and an alkoxyl group.
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F.G of Amides?
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None.
Main components are carbonyl f.g and amino f.g (or ammonia). |
