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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Interactionist theory |
-interaction between people and objects - the important of environment |
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Pre-stage |
- earliest vocalization - cooing - babbling- vowel sounds- fricative- nasal - 9 months - use vocalization to express emotions and emphasis - cry, vocally or nonvocally send an extraordinary number of messages & receive more messages. |
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Holophrastic stage |
- 12-18 months a child speaks single -words - 2 word & 3 word sentences - generally these words are objects ( milk , mummy, daddy, door, toy, bye-bye daddy , gimme toy ) - the production tempo increases now - more word are spoken everyday - more combination of multi-word sentences are uttered - 2 years of age childrend comprehend more sophisticated language. - form question and negatives. |
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3 years old |
- children can comprehend amazing quantity of linguistic input. - non stop chattering |
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Tabula rasa |
- extreme behaviourist claim that children comeinto this world with tabula rasa , a clean state bearing no preconceived notions about the world. - these kids are shaped by their environment and various schedules of reinforment. - contructivist believe that kids come with very specific innate knowledge, biological timetables , but children learn to function in a language through discourse & interaction. |
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Operant conditioning |
- conditioning in which human emits response. - operant (sentence) without observable stimuli, that operant is maintained (learned) by reinforcement (positive verbal/nonverbal response from another person . - example :- child says " want milk" and a parent gives the child some milk, the operant is reinforced, over & over again is conditioned. - if consequences are rewarding , behavior is maintained , if lack of reinforcement behavior weakens. |
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Mediation theory |
- in which meaning was accounted for by claim that the linguistic stimulus (a word or sentence) elicits a "mediating" response that is covert and invisible acting within the learner. - jenkins and palermo attempted to synthesize generative and mediational approaches to child language by asserting that the child acquires frames and patterns of sentence elements and then learns the stimulus-response equivalences that can be substituted within each frame. |
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The nativist approach |
- language acquisition is innately determined. - modes of perception , languagr related mechanism are biologically determined. |
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Language acquisition device (LAD) |
- ability to distinguisg speech sounds from other sounds in the environment - ability to organize linguistic data into various classes. - ability to engage in constant evaluation of the developing linguistic system (to contruct the simplest possible system out of the available linguistic input.) |
Chomsky (1965) - "little black box" in the brain which exist in a child. |
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Competence |
- One underlying knowledge of system, event, fact - non observable ability to do something to perform something - rules of grammar, vocabulary, how the pieces fit together. |
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Performance |
- observable & concrete manifestation or realization of competence. - actual doing of something - walking, singing, dancing , speaking - actual production (speaking, writing, listening, reading ) |
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