Chapter 2 - Chemical Basis

Front 1

di

Back 1

two

Front 2

disaccharide

Back 2

a compound whose molecules are composed of two joined saccharide units

Front 3

glyc

Back 3

sweet

Front 4

glycogen

Back 4

a complex carbohydrates, composed of many joined sugar molecules

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lip

Back 5

fat

Front 6

lipids

Back 6

a group of organic compounds that include fats

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lyt

Back 7

dissolvable

Front 8

electrolyte

Back 8

a substance that dissolves in water and releases ions

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mono

Back 9

one

Front 10

monosaccharide

Back 10

a compound whose molecules consist of a single saccharide unit

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poly

Back 11

many

Front 12

polyunsaturated

Back 12

a molecule with many double bonds between its carbon atoms

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sacchar

Back 13

sugar

Front 14

monosaccharide

Back 14

a sugar molecule composed of a single saccharide unit

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syn

Back 15

together

Front 16

synthesis

Back 16

a process by which chemicals join to form new types of chemicals

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chemistry

Back 17

branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes

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matter

Back 18

anything that has weight and take up space

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elements

Back 19

basic unit of matter - pure chemical substance with only one type of atom

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atom

Back 20

smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element

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nucleus

Back 21

central core of an atom, which is composed of protons and neutrons

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electrons

Back 22

small, negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom

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proton

Back 23

positively charged particle in atomic nucleus

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neutron

Back 24

electrically neutral particle in atomic nucleus

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atomic number

Back 25

number of protons in an atom of an element

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atomic weight

Back 26

number approximately equal to the number of protons, plus number of neutrons in an atom of an element

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isotope

Back 27

Atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of an element but has a different number of neutrons

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ion

Back 28

atom or molecule with electrical charge

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ionic bond

Back 29

chemical bond form between two ions by transfer of electrons

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covalent bond

Back 30

chemical bond formed by electron sharing bet atoms

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molecule

Back 31

particle composed of two or more joint atoms

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compounds

Back 32

substance composed of two or more chemically bonded elements

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molecular formula

Back 33

abbreviation for the number of atoms of each element in a compound

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structural formulas

Back 34

representation of the way atoms bond to form a molecule, using symbols for each element and lines to indicate chemical bonds

Front 35

synthesis

Back 35

building large molecules from smaller ones that join

Front 36

decomposition

Back 36

breakdown of molecules into simpler compounds

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exchange reaction

Back 37

chemical reaction in which parts of two kinds of molecules trade positions

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reversible reaction

Back 38

chemical reaction in which and products can change back into reactants

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catalyst

Back 39

chemical that increases the rate of the chemical reactions, but is not permanently altered by that reactions

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acids

Back 40

substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions

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base

Back 41

substance that ionizes in water to release hydroxyl ions or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions

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pH

Back 42

the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration used to indicate the acidic or alkaline condition of the solution; values ranged from zero to 14

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organic

Back 43

carbon-containing molecules
(contained both carbon and hydrogen atoms)

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inorganic

Back 44

chemical substances that lack carbon and hydrogen

Front 45

inorganic substances common in body fluids

Back 45

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and in organic salts

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carbohydrate

Back 46

organic compounds that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a on 1:2:1 ratio

Front 47

sugars

Back 47

carbohydrates with short chain

Front 48

monosaccharide

Back 48

simple sugar, such as glucose or for those -- building block of more complex carbohydrates, molecules

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disaccharide

Back 49

sugar produced by the union of two monosaccharides

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polysaccharide

Back 50

carbohydrate composed of many joined monosaccharides

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fatty acid

Back 51

building block of a fat molecule

Front 52

glycerol

Back 52

organic compound that is a building block for fat molecules (each glycerol molecule combines with three fatty acid molecules to produce a single fat)

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triglyceride

Back 53

lipid composed of three fatty acids, combined with a glycerol molecule

Front 54

phospholipid

Back 54

lipid that contains two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group, combined with a glycerol molecule

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steroid

Back 55

type of organic molecule including rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms (complex structures that include four connected rings -- cholesterol)

Front 56

protein

Back 56

nitrogen-containing organic compounds of joined amino acid molecules - serve as structural materials, energy sources, and hormones

Front 57

enzymes

Back 57

protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction (speed chemical reactions without being consumed by these reactions)

Front 58

amino acids

Back 58

small organic compound that contains an amino group(-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH); structural unit of a protein molecule

Front 59

hydrogen bond

Back 59

weak chemical bond between a hydrogen atom and a nitrogen or oxygen atom, sharing with other nearby nitrogen or oxygen atom

Front 60

nucleic acid

Back 60

substance composed of bonded nucleotides; RNA or DNA

Front 61

nucleotide

Back 61

building block of nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a sugar, and nitrogenus base, and a phosphate group

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RNA

Back 62

ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid, whose nucleotides containing ribose

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ribose

Back 63

five-carbon sugar in RNA

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DNA

Back 64

deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material; double-stranded polymer of nucleotide, each containing a phosphate group, a nitrogenus base and the sugar deoxyribose

Front 65

nitrogenus base

Back 65

adenine, thiamine, guanine or cytosine