Chapter 2: Cells Of The Nervous System

Front 1

Connectional Specificity

Back 1

Says cells are separate because of the cytoplasms of neurons are not in contact. Connections between neurons are not random. Circuits pass information through specific pathways

Front 2

Dynamic polarization

Back 2

Some parts of neurons are specialized for taking information in while others are specialized for sending out

Front 3

Soma

Back 3

Neural cell body:main part of the neuron that contains commonly found cellular components such as nucleus, mitochondria, reticula, ribosomes, golgi aparatus.

Front 4

Neuron

Back 4

nerve cell

Front 5

Dendrite

Back 5

"processes" that extend away from the cell body. Dendrites receive inputs from other neurons at synapses.

Front 6

Synapses

Back 6

a junction or gap between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

Front 7

Post and presynaptic

Back 7

Synapse is the location that most neurocellular structures are referred in relation to.

Front 8

axon

Back 8

Typically most involved in sending cell signals. the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

Front 9

Spines

Back 9

"little knobs attached by small necks to the surface of dendrites" These are often where synapses are found

Front 10

Neurotransmitters

Back 10

Chemical structures that signal between neurons and are results of stimuli.

Front 11

Unipolar

Back 11

A neuron that only is extended in one direction (axonally or dendritically)

Front 12

Bipolar

Back 12

Neuron in two directions: typically one side receives signal the other sends

Front 13

Pseudounipolar

Back 13

Neuron that extends in one direction but that branch branches out into multiple directions

Front 14

Multipolar

Back 14

Many directions

Front 15

Glial Cell

Back 15

More numerous and are rather varied. Contained in central and peripheral nervous system. Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Microglial cell, and schwann cell. Provide alterior functionality for nerve cells (insulation is one of the most common).

Front 16

Astrocytes

Back 16

round or radially symmetrical, These surround neurons and come in contact with blood vessels. These are the blood brain barrier

Front 17

Microglial cell

Back 17

small and irregularly shaped. Invade damaged tissue, serve as phagocytes, and these proliferate whole life.

Front 18

Myelin

Back 18

Insulating material that surrounds axons (wire coating). Space between myelin producing cells provide nodes from which signal can emit.

Front 19

Oligodendrocytes

Back 19

Myelin producers in the central nervous system. They grab ahold of multiple different axons.

Front 20

Schwann cells

Back 20

myelin producers in the peripheral nervous system

Front 21

Action potential

Back 21

Electrical signals produced by nerve cells

Front 22

resting membrane potential

Back 22

The difference in potential across the neuronal membrane

Front 23

Ion Channels

Back 23

Membrane proteins that selectively allow ions through the membrane.

Front 24

Receptor potentials

Back 24

Currents across the synapse

Front 25

Synaptic potentials

Back 25

Currents across the receptor

Front 26

Volume conductors

Back 26

The gateways through which current can flow through the neural membrane

Front 27

Electrotonic conduction

Back 27

Current that is passively conducted throughout the neuron.

Front 28

Depolarization

Back 28

Positive currents making the cell insides more positive.

Front 29

hyperpolarizations

Back 29

Less positive