Chapter 2: Bones

Front 1

Axial skeleton

Back 1

Skull, ribcage, vertebral column

Front 2

Appendicular skeleton

Back 2

Upper and lower extremities, also shoulders and pelvic girdle.

Front 3

Remodeling

Back 3

Process of resorption and formulation of bone.

Front 4

Osteoclasts

Back 4

Bone cell that removes old bone tissues

Front 5

Osteoblasts

Back 5

Bone cell responsible for new bone formation

Front 6

Epiphysis

Back 6

Ends of long bones, mainly cancellous bones;

houses red marrow for red blood cell production;

primary site for bone growth

Front 7

Epiphyseal plate

Back 7

Connects Epiphys/Diaphys;

Subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of diaphysis occurs

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

Shaft portion of long bone;

Mainly composed of compact bone;

Principal role is support

Front 9

Periosteum

Back 9

Tough fibrous membrane that coats bone;

Point of attachment for tendons

Front 10

Medullary cavity

Back 10

Central cavity where bone marrow is stored.

Front 11

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Back 11

Covers articular surface of bones;

Fundamental for smooth joint action

Front 12

5 Bone types w/examples

Back 12

1. Long (Humerus)

2. Short (Carpals, tarpals)

3. Flat (scapula, patella)

4. Irregular (vertebrae)

5. Sesamoid (patella)

Front 13

Depressions

Back 13

Flattened or indented portion of bone; can be muscle attachment site

Front 14

Processes

Back 14

Projections protruding from bone where muscles, tendons, ligaments can attach.

Front 15

Arthrokinematics

Back 15

Joint motion, and the study of.

Front 16

Types of joint motion

Back 16

Roll, slide, and spin

Front 17

Synovial joints

Back 17

80% of joints; most common for movement;

Held together by a joint capsule and ligaments

Front 18

Nonsynovial joints

Back 18

Little to no movement; no joint cavity, fibrous connective tissue, or cartilage.