Chapter 2 (Blood)

Front 1

What are the three types of blood cells?

Back 1

1. Red Blood Cells

2. White Blood Cells

3. Platelets

Front 2

What is a person's hematocrit?

Back 2

The % of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells

Front 3

What are the most numerous cells in the blood?

Back 3

RBCs

Front 4

RBCs are also called _____ and are highly specialized for ______

Back 4

Erythrocytes; transporting oxygen

Front 5

What is the shape of RBCs? why?

Back 5

biconcave; a shorter diffusion distance for oxygen

Front 6

Can RBCs divide and reproduce?

Back 6

No

Front 7

Red blood cells contain substantial amounts of __________?

Back 7

hemoglobin, which accounts for most of the protein in an RBC

Front 8

What is hemoglobin?

Back 8

The oxygen binding protein in RBCs

Front 9

What is myoglobin?

Back 9

The oxygen binding protein in red muscles

Front 10

Red blood cells also participate in _____ _____ transport?

Back 10

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Front 11

CO2 is a gas that dissolves in?

Back 11

The plasma component of blood

Front 12

CO2 is transported in the blood primarily as...?

Back 12

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Front 13

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein in RBCs that has four binding sites to cooperatively bind:

Back 13

Oxygen

Front 14

Where do red blood cells come from?

Back 14

Humans generate new RBCs and other types of blood cells from stem cells located in the red marrow

Front 15

What is the lifetime of an individual RBCs?

Back 15

3-4 months

Front 16

The process of forming new RBCs id called:

Back 16

Erythropoiesis

Front 17

How long does it take for RBCs to become mature?

Back 17

About a week

Front 18

The RBC loses to nucleus during maturation to...

Back 18

make more room for Hb

Front 19

RBC production is primarily controlled by a hormone called:

Back 19

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Front 20

EPO is produced by

Back 20

the kidneys

Front 21

The shape of an RBC is normally determined by proteins of:

Back 21

The cytoskeleton (especially spectrin)

Front 22

One of the most serious diseases that affect RBC shape is?

Back 22

Sickle cell disease, so called because RBC can become sickle (crescent) shaped

Front 23

What kind of disease is sickle cell disease?

Back 23

A genetically inherited disease caused by a seemingly small change in DNA sequence that alters just one amino acid out of about 140 amino acids in one of the polypeptides that assemble to form a Hb molecule

Front 24

White blood cells are also called?

Back 24

Leukocytes

Front 25

WBCs are components of our _____ ______?

Back 25

Immune system

Front 26

Leukocytes are most easily distinguished from RBCs because ....

Back 26

Leukocytes do not produce Hb with its red-colored, oxygen bound heme groups

They also have a cell nucleus

Front 27

Where do white blood cells come from?

Back 27

Red marrow of the bone

Front 28

What is hematopoiesis?

Back 28

The name for the process of formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow (includes erythropoiesis as well as formation of all types of WBCs)

Front 29

Platelets are cell fragments that are involved in...

Back 29

Clotting

Front 30

Platelets are also known as? and are produced by?

Back 30

Thrombocytes; megakaryocytic which come from red marrow of bone

Front 31

What is not a cellular component of blood?

Back 31

Hb

Front 32

The most abundant molecule in blood plasma is _____?

Back 32

Water

Front 33

Blood plasma composition includes:

Back 33

Water (most of it), Electrolytes (ions), Small molecules (dissolved gases O2, CO2, and N2), Proteins and Chemical signals (hormones)

Front 34

Major Proteins in Blood Plasma:

Back 34

Albumins, Globulins (includes antibodies), Fibrinogen, Lipoproteins assemblies and protein hormones

Front 35

Blood clotting (coagulation) involves both ______ and _____?

Back 35

Platelets; fibrinogen

Front 36

What are Antibodies?

Back 36

Blood proteins (globulins) that help protect the body against infections

Front 37

What do vaccinations do?

Back 37

Primes the immune system to produce antibodies against new infections?

Front 38

What is NOT a function of blood?

Back 38

Generating heat when it is cold outside

Front 39

What are the top two killers in the developed world?

Back 39

Cancers and cardiovascular diseases

Front 40

When do cancers occur?

Back 40

When cells multiply at an abnormally high rate

Front 41

What is metastasis?

Back 41

when cancer cells travel in the blood from a tumor to other parts of the body

Front 42

Lymph is NOT _____?

Back 42

Vlood

Front 43

Lymph forms from

Back 43

fluid between cells (interstitial fluid)

Front 44

Lymph travels in ___________? and eventually ends up _________?

Back 44

vessels of the lymphatic system; mixing with blood (only travels one way, does not circulate like blood)

Front 45

Food molecules (glucose, amino acids, etc.) are distributed through the body:

Back 45

In the blood along with O2 and CO2