Chapter 2 Asian Religions And Their Cultures

Front 1

Sacred texts of Hinduism (3)

Back 1

Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads

Front 2

Central doctrine in Hinduism:

Back 2

Karma, Reincarnation, Dharma

Front 3

Reincarnation belief started with what civilization?

Back 3

Harappan

Front 4

Hindus belief on good and evil:

Back 4

contained in all things, even with the gods

Front 5

Buddhism fouder:

Back 5

Siddhartha Gautama

Front 6

Buddhism accepted and spread in Asia because of conversion of Emperor:

Back 6

Emperor Ashoka

Front 7

Culture do not practice Theravada Buddhism but Mahayana Buddhism

Back 7

Korea

Front 8

Theravada Buddhism salvation comes from?

Back 8

good works

Front 9

Mahayana Buddhism generally found in: (2)

Back 9

China and Korea

Front 10

Zen is a Japanese sect of:

Back 10

Mahayana Buddhism

Front 11

Confucianism provided the moral and social foundation of:

Back 11

China

Front 12

Founder of Daoism:

Back 12

Laozi

Front 13

Country does not have Islamic Population:

Back 13

Japan

Front 14

Shinto do not emphasize what?

Back 14

obedience to high priest

Front 15

Shinto follows what?

Back 15

ritual purity, manifestation of natural force, cleanliness

Front 16

oldest of all major religions:

Back 16

hinduism

(practiced by 800 million today)

Front 17

most religously oriented of all major cultures:

Back 17

india

Front 18

caste can be transcended by:

Back 18

religous devotion

Front 19

hinduism is often called: (way of ___)

Back 19

way of life

(true but not helpful)

Front 20

there is no founder or single doctrinal text in this religion:

Back 20

hinduisim

Front 21

world's oldest religous texts:

Back 21

the Vedas (1500 BCE - 600 BCE)

[first orally then written down]

Front 22

god that represents getleness and compassion and is always shown and spoken od as "the dark one"

Back 22

krishna

Front 23

it deals mainly with nature of the universe and place of humans in it:

Back 23

upanishads (7th century BCE)

Front 24

chief paths in the upanishads for humans to realize wisdom and eternal truth:

Back 24

asceticism and mysticism

Front 25

often seen as the core of classical hinduism as it deals with good and evil, law, morality and human duty:

Back 25

upanishads

Front 26

hinduism's main ethical text that tells the story of Prince Arjuma:

Back 26

bhagavad gita (2nd century)

Front 27

the selfless execution of one's earthly duties:

Back 27

dharma

(like arjuna's life - ruler but need to follow ruler's dharma [duty to fight])

Front 28

it refers to the four varna or orders of people: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra

Back 28

Rig Veda (earliest of the Vedas)

Front 29

Brahmins are:

Back 29

priests or teachers

Front 30

kshatriya

Back 30

noble warriors, such as arjuna

Front 31

vaishya are:

Back 31

commoners, such as farmers and merchants

Front 32

shudra are:

Back 32

servants or laborers

Front 33

it refers to the consequences of action: (faithfulness to dharma produces good ___)

Back 33

karma

Front 34

it is the harappan belief of the immortality of the soul:

Back 34

reincarnation

Front 35

it is the blissful spirtual rejoining with the godhead or with creation:

Back 35

moksha

Front 36

it is the endless cycle of life:

Back 36

samsara

Front 37

belief in reincarnation heightened the Hindu feeling of:

Back 37

reverence for all life

Front 38

sadhu means:

Back 38

hindu holy man

(beyond caste)

Front 39

most hindus are vegetarians but not the:

Back 39

warriors kshatriyas and lowest castes

Front 40

late vedic times (600 BCE) Hindu pantheon was dominated by trinity of:

Back 40

vishnu, shiva, and brahma (deities and creators)

Front 41

the benevolent, elephant-headed son of shiva:

Back 41

ganesh

Front 42

consort of shiva:

Back 42

parvati

Front 43

monkey god:

Back 43

hanuman

Front 44

goddess of wisdom and learning:

Back 44

krishna

Front 45

consort or wife of vishnu and goddess of wealth and worldly success:

Back 45

lakshimi

Front 46

mother goddess, consort or female equivalent to the grimmer aspects of shiva:

Back 46

kali or durga

Front 47

____ was widely worshipped as both creator and destroyer, god of harvest, fertility, cosmic dance od creation and chief of god of yogis.

Back 47

Shiva

Front 48

human sacrifice aa renewal of life; the sacrificial victim gives:

Back 48

life for others to enrich (Hinduism recognize this concept)

Front 49

most devout hindus, esp literate ones, has always been:

Back 49

monotheistic (oneness of creation)

Front 50

"God is one, but wise people know it by many names" proverb of:

Back 50

Hindu

Front 51

they recite specific prayers daily before simple altar found in all hindu homes:

Back 51

pious hindus

Front 52

hindu festival: autumn Diwali or:

Back 52

Festival of Lights

Front 53

ancient tradition of religous pilgrimage to famous temples and sacred sites:

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the Kumbh Mela religious festival held at Allahabad on central ganges every 12 years drews some 100 million pilgrims

Front 54

Hinduism is deeply rooted in the:

Back 54

Indian tradition

Front 55

it is the importance to human life of achieving material well-being:

Back 55

artha

Front 56

it is the importance of interpersonal love and sex:

Back 56

kama

Front 57

Who founded Jainism in 546-468 BCE?

Back 57

Mahavira "Great Hero"

(went naked and starve himself to death)

Front 58

it may have been originated in Jainism teachings: (nonviolence)

Back 58

ahimsa

Front 59

traditional homes for merchants:

Back 59

Gurajarat

Front 60

founder of Buddhism:

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Gautama Buddha

(born about 563 BEC in Himalayan foothill region of Nepal)

Front 61

He was the son of minor king "raja" of shakya clan:

Back 61

Gautama Buddha

(founder of Buddhism)

Front 62

Shakyamuni:

Back 62

"Sage of the Shakyas"

Front 63

At what age did Siddhartha Gautama died?

Back 63

age of 80 (between 485 - 480 BCE)

Front 64

After 49 days after leaving the palace, he was tempted by:

Back 64

Mara

(prince of demons)

Front 65

Buddha or;

Back 65

Enlightened One

Front 66

Where did Buddha preached his first session:

Back 66

Banaras (Vanarasi) in central Ganges Valley

Front 67

What are the Four Noble of Truths:

Back 67

1 dukkha - life is filled with pain, sorrow, frustration, impermanence, dissatisfaction

2 all cause of desire, wanting, urge of existence

3 to end suffering and sorrow one must end desire

4 desirelessness can be gained by eightfold of path of "right conduct"

Front 68

it is the release from suffering of worldly existence by avoiding yhe cycle of rebirth:

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nirvana

Front 69

it was defined as kindness to all living things, purity of heart, truthfulness, charity, avoidance of fault finding, envy, hatred, and violence:

Back 69

"right conduct" of eightfold path

Front 70

Buddha's own teachings were recorded in a collection of texts called:

Back 70

Tripitaka or "three baskets"

Front 71

monks and nuns took vows renouncing worldly pleasure, following Buddha example of:

Back 71

giving up family life

Front 72

In Ashoka's time, Buddhism was divided into two major schools:

Back 72

Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism

Front 73

Theravada means:

Back 73

"way of the elders"

Front 74

Mahayana means:

Back 74

"the greater vehicle"

Front 75

it remained closer to original faith:

Back 75

Theravada Buddhism

Front 76

Theravada was the form of Buddhism transmitted to:

Back 76

Southeast Asia: Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos (Sri Lanka)

Front 77

it was developed during Kushan period in India between (100-200 BCE) and it offered new approaches to Buddhist

Back 77

Mahayana Buddhism

Front 78

saintly who buddhist compassion to help delayed their entrance to nirvana in order to help those still on earth to attain deliverance:

Back 78

bodhisattvas

Front 79

chief gods of Mahayana Buddhism:

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Buddhas and bodhisattvas

Front 80

worshipped in china as amituofo, in japan as amida buddha:

Back 80

Buddha Amitabha "measureless light"

Front 81

female goddess of mercy in Mahayana Buddhism:

Back 81

compassionate Avalokitesvara

Front 82

Lamaistic Buddhism in:

Back 82

Tibet

Front 83

beautiful paintings and statues of Buddha in Mahayana and Theravada:

Back 83

pagoda in Mahayana

dagoba in Theravada

Front 84

Mahayana Buddhism was transmitted to:

Back 84

Korea, Japan, China, Tibet

Front 85

In japan, chan buddhism become:

Back 85

zen buddhism

Front 86

Japanese Buddhism accelerated during:

Back 86

Tang dynasty China (8th century CE)

Front 87

founding the new state of choson in:

Back 87

1392

Front 88

it has bits of Buddhism, Daoism, Shintō:

Back 88

Confucianism

Front 89

had more impact on belief and behavior than any of the great religion:

Back 89

confucianism

(contains common sense about human relations)

Front 90

son of a minor official in smaller states in eastern China. a teacher, later sometime adviser:

Back 90

Confucius

Front 91

Confucius disciple:

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Plato

Front 92

most famous later follower and commentator of confucius:

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Mencius

Front 93

Confucius and his followers believed that the ideal sociL order had been achieve d with founding of:

Back 93

zhou dynasty

Front 94

in confucianism, dominant figure to protect the weaker are:

Back 94

rulers, eldera, male

Front 95

the path to understanding how to behave in accordance with virtue is to:

Back 95

self-cultivation and study

Front 96

Plato paraphrase: (quote)

Back 96

"education makes people good, and good people act nobly"

Front 97

confucius emphasized:

Back 97

"human-heartedness", "right relations", and achieving great harmony

Front 98

people must want to do ___ and that can be achieved by internalizing _____.

Back 98

1 right

2 morality

Front 99

it is highly pragmatic, has positive view of humanity and society:

Back 99

confucianism

Front 100

Confucian tenet:

Back 100

loyalty to superior

(loyalty to moral principle was basic)

Front 101

right of people to rebel against immoral or unjust rulers who forfeited their legitimacy was stressed by:

Back 101

Mencius

Front 102

confucianism reflected positivie and chinese view of:

Back 102

"the enjoyment of living"

(enjoyment of long life)

Front 103

what is supreme being in chinese records:

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shangdi

Front 104

"heaven" means:

Back 104

tian

Front 105

Confucius, "heaven does not speak" means:

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model of order and harmony to emulate

Front 106

duty of ____ to do "ancestors worship" (confucianism)

Back 106

eldest son

Front 107

what is yin and yang:

Back 107

contemporary forces, cosmology

Front 108

Neo confucianism spread to:

Back 108

korea, japan, and Vietnam

Front 109

some do not consider confucianism as religion because:

Back 109

never developed priesthood or set rituals

Front 110

opposition to confucianism that developed in china:

Back 110

Daoism

Front 111

Dao means:

Back 111

"the way"

(people's obligation to play proper social roles for harmony of the world)

Front 112

chief text of Daoism contains mystical remarks:

Back 112

Dao De Jung ("Classic of the Way")

Front 113

"the old one" in Daoism:

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Laozi

Front 114

go with the flow and stop trying to improve were teachings of:

Back 114

Daoism

Front 115

he dreamed he was a butterfly and woke up not sure he was himself of a butterfly:

Back 115

Zhuangzi

Front 116

practiced magic and alchemy pursued the search for elixirs of immortality:

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Daoists

Front 117

most Chinese were ____ when things went well and ____ when things went badly and in retirement or old age:

Back 117

1 Confucian

2 Daoists

Front 118

yang means:

Back 118

strong, assertive, active, intellectual, bright, and male

Front 119

yin means:

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soft, gentle, passive, intuitive, dark and female

Front 120

Jewish community grew in cosmopolitan setting of:

Back 120

tang dynasty china (end of 7th century)

Front 121

Diaspora means:

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jews diapered abroad

Front 122

small Jewish colonies were founded on the:

Back 122

west coast of southern india

Front 123

Christianity was also founded on:

Back 123

southern india

Front 124

origins of islam:

Back 124

arabia

Front 125

home of largest population of muslim:

Back 125

islands of Indonesia

2 is pakistan

3 is india

Bangladesh and middle east

Front 126

youngest of all great religion:

Back 126

islam

Front 127

founder of islam:

Back 127

Muhammad

(born in merchant family in mecca, arabia (570 BCE)

Front 128

hejira means:

Back 128

journey of prophet and first year of muslim era "year of the prophet" (622)

Front 129

Muhammad's preaching centered on affirmation of one God:

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Allah

Front 130

principal sacred text of Islam:

Back 130

Qur'an

Front 131

Qur'an waa written on:

Back 131

classic arabic

Front 132

who is Gabriel (jibril) in Islam?

Back 132

angel who communicated qur'an to Muhammad

Front 133

muezzin means:

Back 133

a reciter/person who calls for prayer of five times a day

Front 134

they learned the Qur'an:

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men or mullahs (never women)

Front 135

when do they must fast and avoid even water during daylight hours:

Back 135

lunar month of Ramadan

Front 136

what is jihad in Islam:

Back 136

qur'an sanction to "holy war" against nonbelievers

Front 137

mystic version of islam:

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sufism (baghdad 8th and 9th centuries)

Front 138

it is derived from white wooden cloak worn by devotees:

Back 138

sufi

Front 139

Sunni means:

Back 139

"followera of custom"

Front 140

caliph means:

Back 140

successor

Front 141

shi'a means:

Back 141

Muhammad's direct descendants

Front 142

imam means:

Back 142

spiritual and political leader

Front 143

Islam's creed repeated each of the five daily prayer:

Back 143

"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet."

Front 144

it centered on worship of nature:

Back 144

shinto

Front 145

shinto a ritual practice in early Japan means:

Back 145

"the way of the gods"

Front 146

local nature-worshio cults:

Back 146

shinto

Front 147

kami means:

Back 147

divine spirit

Front 148

chief center of the sun goddess cult:

Back 148

ise

(most famous shrine tempre is at ise too)

Front 149

confucianism and daoism are dominant across:

Back 149

east asia except japan

Front 150

universal creeds for all people:

Back 150

Christianity, Buddhism, Islam

Front 151

in Hinduism, happiness and suffering are:

Back 151

unavoidable parts

Front 152

when did confucianism became state religion?

Back 152

during Han dynasty

Front 153

major figure of Daoism:

Back 153

Zhuangzi

Front 154

Emperor who became a Sufi:

Back 154

Emperor Akbar of Mughal India

Front 155

a nonviolence and reverence for all life:

Back 155

ahimsa