Chapter 2, American History 9

Front 1

Quran

Back 1

This is the holy scripture of the Islamic faith.

Front 2

Pilgrimage

Back 2

This is a journey made by people to a place holy in their religion.

Front 3

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 3

Signed in 1494, This agreement divided the unexplored regions of the world between Spain and Portugal.

Front 4

Northwest Passage

Back 4

This was a hoped for direct water route through the Americas. The European powers were hoping for a quick way to the riches of Asia. But it turned out this passage did not exist.

Front 5

Circumnavigate

Back 5

To sail around something.

Front 6

Mercantilism

Back 6

This is the economic theory that states a nations power is based on its wealth.

Front 7

Plantation

Back 7

A large farm. They were developed by the Spanish as a system for growing more crops.

Front 8

Encomienda

Back 8

This was a right granted to Spanish Conquistadors who settled in the Americas. They were given the right to demand taxes and labor from the Native peoples on their land.

Front 9

Columbian Exchange

Back 9

The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases, between the European explorers, and the native peoples of the Americas.

Front 10

Conquistadores

Back 10

These were Spanish explorers.

Front 11

Bartholomeu Dias

Back 11

The Portuguese explorer who sailed around the Southern tip of Africa, discovering a new route to Asia. Originally called the 'Cape of Storms' by Dias, it was renamed 'The Cape of Good Hope' by King John of Portugal.

Front 12

Francisco Pizarro

Back 12

He was the Spanish conquistador who sailed down the Pacific Coast of South America. He destroyed most of the Inca army, captured and killed the Inca king Atahualpa, and took over most of the Inca Empire.

Front 13

Mayflower

Back 13

The ship that brought pilgrims, and a number of others, to America. The Pilgrims were seeking religious freedom in a new land and founded the Plymouth Colony.

Front 14

Montezuma

Back 14

The Aztec emperor who welcomed Cortes as a friend, but was later betrayed and taken prisoner by him.

Front 15

Hernan Cortes

Back 15

The Spanish soldier, and explorer, who came to Mexico in 1519 looking for gold and glory. He would later start a war with the Aztecs and be killed in battle.

Front 16

John Cabot

Back 16

He was the Italian explorer, sent by England, to find a Northwest Passage through the Americas. Though he didn't find one his voyage was used by England to stake a claim in the new world.

Front 17

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 17

He was a Portuguese sailor, working for the Spanish, who sailed around South America in an attempt to reach Asia. While his crew were the first to Circumnavigate the world, he died in the Philippines. (He named the Pacific Ocean.)

Front 18

Coureurs de Bois

Back 18

This is the holy scripture of the Islamic faith.

Front 19

Christopher Columbus

Back 19

The Italian sailor, and explorer, who tried to discover a Western route to Asia, for Spain. In 1492 he took 3 ships, the Nina, Pinta, and MariaSanta , across the Atlantic and discovered the Americas.

Front 20

Henry Hudson

Back 20

The English sailor and explorer who attempted to find the Northwest Passage through the Americas, only to discover what is now Hudson Bay. He, his son, and a few sailors were left to die on the bay as his ship sailed home.