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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viscosity
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A liquid's resistance to flow. The stronger the attractions between a liquid's particles are, the more viscous the liquid it. Example: Honey flows more slowly than water. p 33 |
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Surface Tension
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The force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid that causes the liquid to form spherical drops. Different liquids have different surface tensions. p 33 |
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Pressure
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Pressure is a force per unit area. Gas pressure increases as the number of collisions of gas particles increases. When the number of collisions increase, the force on the inside of the container increases. This increased force leads to increased pressure. p. 34 |
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Heat
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A transfer of energy. p 38 |
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Temperature
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Temperature of a substance is a measure of the speed of its particles and therefore a measure of its energy. Example: steam has a higher temp and liquid water, so particles in steam have more energy than liquid water. p 38 |
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Solid
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The state in which matter has a definite shape and volume. p 31 |
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Liquid
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A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape. A liquid will take on the shape of it's container and have a definite volume. p 32 |
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Gas
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A gas does not have a definite shape or volume. A gas takes the shape and volume of it's container. p 33 |
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Plasma
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Plasmas are composed of particles that have broken apart. Plasmas do not have a definite shape or volume. Plasmas conduct electricity, are affected by electric and magnetic fields. (the aurora borealis is a plasma, along with lightening and fire) p. 37 |
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States of Matter
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The State of Matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. The four most familiar states are Solid, Liquid, gas, and plasma. |
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Matter
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All Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms and molecules that attract each other and move constantly.
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Boyle's Law
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Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases if the temperature does not change.
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Charles Law
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Charles's law states that the Volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases if the pressure does not change.
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Amorphous
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Amorphous solids are atoms or molecules that are in no particular order. No organized pattern. Examples are rubber and wax. |
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Crystalline
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Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules. The particles are arrange in repeating pattern of rows. Examples are iron, diamond, and ice. |
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Melting
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Melting is the change of a state from a solid to a liquid. Example: when an ice cube melts. |
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Freezing
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Freezing is the change of a state from a liquid to a solid. The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is its freezing point. Freezing is the reverse of melting, so freezing and melting occur at the same time. |
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Boiling
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Boiling occurs throughout a liquid at the boiling point. Boiling is the vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid. The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point. |
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Vaporization
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The change of state from a liquid to a gas. There are two types of vaporization: boiling and evaporation. |
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Evaporation |
Evaporation is vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid at a temperature below it's boiling point,
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Condensation
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Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
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Sublimation
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Sublimation is the change of state from a solid directly to a gas. Example: dry ice is colder than ice, and it doesn't melt in a puddle of liquid. It is used to keep things cold without making them wet. |
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Endothermic
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Endothermic changes absorb energy.
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Exothermic
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Exothermic changes release energy.
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Changes of State
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A change of state is the conversion of a substance from one physical form to another. All changes of state are physical changes. Temperature does NOT change during a change of state. |
