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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hyperplasia
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Increase in number of cells
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Hyperatrophy
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increase in size of tissue or organs
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Regeneration
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slight tissue damage and tissue returns to normal
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Repair
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impossible complete return of normal tissue due to extent of damage
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atrophy
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decrease in size or function of cell, tissue, organ or whole body- muscular wasting
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Inflammation and repair are
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the body's responses to injury
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Injury
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alteration in the environment causing tissue damage
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inflammation
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non-specific response to injury
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acute inflammation
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short duration
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chronic inflammation
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longer duration
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Localized signs of inflammation
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Redness
Swelling Pain Loss of normal tissue function |
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Systemic signs of inflammation
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Fever
Leukocytosis Lymphadenopathy |
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Injuries to teeth
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Attrition
Abrasion Bulimia Erosion Bruxism Abfraction |
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Attrition
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wearing away of tooth structure from mastication
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Bruxism
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grinding + clenching for non-functional purposes
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abrasion
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pathologic wearing away of tooth structure from repetitive mechanical habits
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abfraction
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wedge shape lesion at the cervical areas of teeth related to flexure (bend or fold) fracture and deformation of tooth structure
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Erosion
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loss of tooth structure from chemical action
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Bulimia
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eating disorder. Food binges followed by self induced vomiting
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Bulimia treatment
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Fluoride rinse, rinse frequently to decrease acid on teeth
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abrasion
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pathologic wearing away of tooth structure from repetitive mechanical habits
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abfraction
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wedge shape lesion at the cervical areas of teeth related to flexure (bend or fold) fracture and deformation of tooth structure
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Erosion
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loss of tooth structure from chemical action
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Bulimia
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eating disorder. Food binges followed by self induced vomiting
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Bulimia treatment
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Fluoride rinse, rinse frequently to decrease acid on teeth
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Types of repair
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Primary intention
Secondary intention Tertiary intention |
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Repair by primary intention
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little loss tissue, clean edges
small cloth, less granulation tissue sutures increase primary healing |
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Repair by secondary intention
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greater loss of tissue, poor edges
large cloth, more granulation tissue scar tissue increases |
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Repair by tertiary intention
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infection at site of surgical incision healing by primary intention.
Pathogenic organisms cause increase in magnitude and duration of the inflammation and immune response. May need to drain area |
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Factors that impair healing
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bacteria (strepto)
malnutrition immunosuppression |
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Lesions from self induced injuries
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Hematoma
Traumatic ulcer traumatic granuloma frictional keratosis linea alba nicotine stomatitis tobacco pouch keratosis traumatic neuroma amalgam tattoo oral melanotic macule smoker's melanosis solar cheilitis muccocele mucous cyst ranula sialolith |
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aspirin burn
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direct application causing necrotic white tissue, painful
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Phenol burn
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cavity sterilizing agent causes destruction and sloughing of tissue
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Electric burn
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children and youngsters chew or bite wire.
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Other types of burn
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Peroxide
Eugenol hot food |
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Lesions associated to cocaine use
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Midline of the hard palate caused by hot smoke
vary from ulcers to keratotic to exophytic |
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Hematoma
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Accumulation of blood in tissue
caused by trauma red purple to bluish gray mass Frequently on labial and buccal muc. |
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traumatic ulcer
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caused by trauma
biting cheek, lip, tongue, sharp food, dry cotton ball, and denture 7-14 days heals |
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Traumatic granuloma
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persistent trauma
hard (indurated) raised lesion heal rapidly following biopsy |
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Frictional Keratosis
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Chronic rubbing against an oral mucos
thickening of the keratin not malignant |
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Leukoplakia
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White lesions not caused by trauma
Arise spontaneously May be premalignant |
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Linea alba
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white raised line on buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane
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Nicotine Stomatitis
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Benign lesion on hard palate associated with pipe and cigar - heavy smoker
Initially - erythemathous then keratinization, raised red dots at the openings of minor salivary gl. ducts |
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Tobacco Pouch
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Keratosis caused by chewing tobacco
Usually on mucosal fold Can cause squamous cell carcinoma |
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Traumatic Neuroma
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Injury to peripheral nerve
Painful Nerve and sheat damage |
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amalgam tattoo
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Flat bluish gray lesion of oral mucosa
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amalgam tattoo common sites
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Gingiva
Edentulous alveolar ridge Posterior region of mandible |
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Melanosis
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normal physiological pigmentation
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Oral melanotic macule
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flat, well circumscribed
Brown lesion May require biopsy |
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smoker's melanosis
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melanosis associated with amount and duration of smoking
Pigment fades when smoking decreas. |
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Solar Cheilitis
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Sun exposure results in degeneration of lower lip tissue
Pale pinkish mottled Relationship with basal and squamous cell carcinoma |
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mucocele
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Salivary gland duct is severed and mucous salivary gland secretion spills into the adjacent connective tissue.
Lower lip common site Mostly on children and adolescents |
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Mucous Cyst
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Occurs less frequent
Not a true cyst A dilated salivary gland duct Common on over 50 yrs |
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Ranula
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mucocele like lesion
unilateral on floor of mouth |
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Sialolith
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salivary gland stone (calcium salts)
May cause obstruction |
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Acute and Chronic Sialadenitis
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Obstruction of salivary gland duct
Painful swelling Also caused by infection |
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Reactive connective tissue hyperplasia
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Result from unknown overzealous repair
From exuberant granulation and dense fibrous connective tissue |
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Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
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Occur on gingiva
Resembles pyogenic granuloma 40-60 yrs more on women TX: surgical excision |
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Central Giant Cell Granuloma
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Occurs within maxilla and mandible
Common on children and young adults More on women Anterior region |
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gingivoplasty
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reshape of the gingiva
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Denture induced fibrous hyperplasia also known as
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Epulis fissuratum
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Denture Induced Fibrous Hyperplasia
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inflammatory hyperplasia
ill-fitting dentures Lesion on vestibule along denture border Appear as elongated folds |
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papillary hyperplasia of the palate
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Denture stomatitis- ill fitting denture
erythematous papillary projections on palatal mucosa (vault area) |
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Periapical abscess
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purulent exudate surrounded by connective tissue
Severe pain TX: RCT or extraction |
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Dental or periapical granuloma
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Localized mass at opening of pulp canal
Asymptomatic Sensitive to pressure/precussion Radiog: well circumscribed radioluc. |
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periapical cyst may resemble a...
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periapical granuloma
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Focal sclerosing osteomyelitis or condensing osteitis
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Radiog. a radioopaque area below roots involved
Change in bone near apexes Reaction to low-grade infection Radioopaque area surrounded by radiolucent or viceversa Common mandibular first molar |
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Alveolar Osteitis (dry socket)
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Postoperative complication of tooth extraxtion
Mandibular third molar most common Blood clot breaks down and lost before healing takes place Tx: gently irrigation and medical dressing |
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Radicular cyst also known as
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periapical cyst
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Radicular cyst
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True cyst
Associated with root of non vital tooth unlike periapical granuloma it occurs on lateral root |
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Residual cyst
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occurs when tooth is extracted and part of periapical cyst remains.
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External resorption
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Outside resorption, usually involves the root of tooth
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Idiopathic tooth resorption
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involves crown of impacted tooth or roots of teeth
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External root resorption
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blunting of root to severe loss of tooth substance
Irreversible |
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Internal root resorption
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Inflammation process of root
Tx: RCT if early diagnosis |
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hyperemia
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increased blood flow that fills the capillary beds in the injured tissue
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hyperemia is responsible for
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redness
heat |
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types of exudate
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purulent
serous |
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serous
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mainly plasma with white blood cells
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purulent
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mainly white blood cells, tissue debris
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emigration
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white blood cells escape from the blood vessel
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chemotaxis
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movement of white blood cells toward the site of injury
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other cells that participate in the inflammatory and immune responses
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mast cells
eosinophil lymphocyte plasma cell |
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Where do biochemical mediators come from?
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some from the endothelium
some form the blood vessels some from white blood cells some from platelets others from pathogenic organisms |
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three systems of plasma proteins circulating in the blood
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kinin system
clotting mechanism complement system |
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kinin system
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increase dilation
increase permeability |
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clotting mechanism
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clotting of blood
helps stop bleeding forms a future framework |
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complement system
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one protein activates the next one
cause mast cells to release granules in their cytoplasm that contain histamine Can create holes in the cell membrane |
