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23 Cards in this Set
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Nation-state |
A central (national) government responsible for governing. This was different from the regional governments rules by kings and chiefs. Think of gang and territory war-fare and loyalty. Important: Borders, private property, claim to be ours, government, U.S. individualism, culture, language, identify, reinforce, religion, economy |
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What is required to run a nation state? |
A justice system, government form, stable economy, division of labor, education, enforcement, military, money resources. A large army and bureaucracy, defense and ways to keep the enemy out. This is expensive and lots of different costs to maintain such a lifestyle. Where does this money come from? Taxes from wealthy people, companies, workers, working class (middle), sales tax |
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What is "The Divine Right Of Kings?" |
Gods, pope A theory which argued that certain kings rules because they were chosen by God to do so and are only accountable to God and no one else. |
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Who were the Crusades? |
They were the primary body that informed Europeans about the power, wealth, and knowledge of the different societies to their East and South. |
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What were the Crusades driven by? |
A long history with different "crusades." Think of the role of religion in world conflict. The risk of Islam and the face that Christians believed that they were going to. |
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What does "Islam" mean? |
It means submission to God. Generally more tolerant and accepting of other religions. Traditional greeting is "peace be into you." Ramadan (9th month of the Islamic calendar) is spending the day light hours fasting. It is time to purify the soup, refocus on God and to practice discipline and sacrifice. |
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The Protestant Reformation |
Basically divided Christendom in Europe into 2 sections: Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Eventually lead nations such as England and Spain became religious rivals as well as rivals for the wealth of the world. |
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Indulgence |
It is a "fee" that one pays which releases the sinner from punishment in Purgatory before going to Heaven. Martin Luther critiqued this concept. |
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Jamestown (1607) |
First stable established town founded by the Virginia Company. Tobacco cultivation needed labor and depleted the soil rapidly. Native Americans die from disease. Indentured servants take their place that came from Europe and England. |
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Powhatth Confederacy |
Pocahontas was the daughter of the leader. Agency, helped teach English/British how to cultivate food so they can survive. |
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Ambiguous Experience of Indenture Servants Servitude |
Indentured servants experience good and bad: sometimes cheated, brutalized. Prove not so inexpensive, not so reliable and not so disciplined. White indentured servants often intermingled with black servants. |
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Call and Response |
Religious leader (preaches) call to spiritual activity/ritual. The rest of the village would respond (listens) |
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Stono Rebellion (South Carolina, 1739) |
People armed themselves, march out of South Carolina and march into Florida (Spanish), some escaped. Example of open rebellion |
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The Great Awakening |
Evangelical Christian Movement, 1730s-1750s Spread god, convert people, salvation Possessed democratic and egalitarian features Taught followers to "Question Authority" Helped create a revolutionary consciousness among the laboring classes Jonathan Edwards: teach people about salvation and George Whitefield: preacher, celebrity, rich people probably not going to heaven because they enslave people |
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The Enlightenment |
Secular intellectual movement of the 17th 18th centuries. Celebrate rationality, science, and human responsibility for history and government. Declared that governments derived from the consent of the governed. Helped some people Americans to "Question Authority". Helped create a revolutionary consciousness among the educated elites. Enlightenment influenced North American thinkers. |
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John Locke (1650s) |
Government protect Natural Rights, not to break social contract. God was just, if you do right you go to heaven, get justice 2 Treatises of Government lived 1632-1704 English philosopher Asked the following questions: What is the primary purpose of the government? What is a legitimate government? Stars with man (think of the time) in the "State of Nature" How did we get to the state of "Civil Society"? there used to be no society: no laws, protect yourself, what did we give up? |
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French-Indian War (7 years war, 1755-1763) |
English and English subjects in North America as well as the Iroquois vs. French and American Indian Villages. Increased sense of American nationalism Ended in victory for the English At substantial cost to the empire French officially remove from North America |
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The Social Contract |
What is a contract? Have to follow rules, be a good person - Get drafted, contract broken What have you given up to give those people to make those decisions? Are those terms legitimate? What are some of the terms of that social contract? Leading toward "rationality" instead over religion, toward government private property |
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Legitimate Government |
There is then a "Legitimate Government" that rules with the CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE |
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Conflict Theory |
The idea of class conflict Marx and Engel: Philosophy, economics Class conflict: 2 groups (have and have not) Owns and enlist people who work for them: maximize their profit Sell their labor: benefits from labor, maximize wages and benefits Working class and elite class |
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Functionalist Theory |
Each of us serves a "function" in our society (body) The Idea of equilibrium Reinforce for others to work hard, strike fear |
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Theory of Assimilation |
Four stages: 1. Contact: jobs 2. Competition: food, housing, education 3. Accommodation: can mentor, do not understand power of structure 4. Assimilation: less powerful group, have to give up things to be a part of the U.S. - Do not have resources - Different in terms of power, have to give up language - Second generation takes place - One group cannot be assimilated: Japanese immigrants |
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Racial Formation |
Meaning of race is thus defined and contested through society Racial categories are formed, transformed, destroyed, and reformed It is the process by which social, economic, and political formers determine the content and importance of racial categories and shape racial meanings |
