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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Data |
Facts, measurements, or statistics that describe the world |
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Empirical Evidence |
Sets of facts established by observation and measurements |
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Hypothesis |
Predictions (typically generated by a model) that can be tested with data |
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Mean (Average) |
Sum of all different values divided by the number of values |
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Causation |
Occurs when one thing directly affects another through a cause-effect relationship |
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Correlation |
Mutual relationship between two things |
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Variable |
A factor that is likely to change or vary |
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Positive Correlation |
Implies that two variables tend to move in the same direction |
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Negative Correlation |
Implies that two variables tend to move in opposite directions. When the variables have movements that are not related, we say that the variables have zero correlation |
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Omitted Variable |
Something that has been left out of a study that, if included, would explain why two variables that are in the study are correlated |
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Reverse Causality |
Occurs when we mix up the direction of cause and effect |
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Experiment |
Controlled method of investigating causal relationship among variables |
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Randomization |
The assignment of subjects by chance, rather by choice, to a treatment groups or control group |
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Natural Experiment |
An empirical study in which some process -out of control of the experimenter- has assigned subjects to control and treatment groups in a random or nearly random way |
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Done |
