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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common elements of the human body |
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron |
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Atomic mass |
weight of protons and neutrons |
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Atomic number |
number of protons |
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Isotopes |
same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutrons |
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Osmoles |
number of particles in a solution |
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Osmolarity |
number of particles in a 1 liter solution |
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Osmolality |
number of particles in 1 kilogram of solution |
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Triglycerides |
- most common form of lipid - long term energy storage - structural support - cushioning - insulation of the body |
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Protein |
consists of over 200 amino acids |
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Lipids |
- phospholipids, surface of the skin - steroids, cholesterol - triglyceride, glucose |
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Denaturation |
process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent |
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Transports |
substances are dissolved in water and moved throughout the body in water-based fluids |
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Lubricates |
water based fluids located between body structures decrease friction |
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Cushions |
the force of sudden body movements is absorbed by water based fluids |
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Excretes wastes |
unwanted substances eliminated in the body dissolved in water |
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Cohesion |
attraction between water molecules |
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Surface tension |
pulling of cohesive forces at the surface of the water |
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Adhesion |
attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water |
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Specific heat |
amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree |
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Heat of vaporization |
the energy required for the release of molecules from a liquid phase into the gaseous phase for 1 gram of a substance |
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Universal solvent |
water |
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Electrolytes |
dissolve and dissociate in water |
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Suspension |
material that is larger in size than 100 nanometers is mixed with water, does not remain mixed together |
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Colloid |
mixture composed of protein (1-100 nanometers size) within water |
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Solution |
homogeneous mixture with a substance that is smaller than 1 nanometer |
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Emulsion |
when a nonpolar substance and water are forcibly mixed together |
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Dehydration synthesis |
the loss of a water molecule from a substance |
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Hydrolysis |
addition of a water molecule to a substance |
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Phospholipids |
similar to a triglyceride in structure - mainly for forming chemical barriers of cell membranes - head (polar) and tails (nonpolar) |
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Proteins |
- catalysts - defense - transport - support - movement - regulation - storage |
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Olgiopeptide |
3-20 amino acids |
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Polypeptide |
21-199 amino acids |
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Protein |
200+ amino acids |
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Glycoproteins |
proteins with carbohydrates |
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Denaturation |
a protein is usually disturbed or terminated when its conformation is changed |
