Chapter 2

Front 1

Interneurons

Back 1

Neurons within the brain &spinal cord that communicate internally &intervene between the sensory inputs &motor outputs

Front 2

Axon

Back 2

The neuron extension that passes messages to other neurons or muscles or glands

Front 3

Association areas

Back 3

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory function;rather , they are invovled in higher mental functions. Such as learning remembering , thinking, speaking

Front 4

Split brain

Back 4

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain 2 hemispheres by cutting fibers connecting them

Front 5

Corpus callosum

Back 5

The large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres & carrying messages between them

Front 6

Neurogenesis

Back 6

The formation of new neurons

Front 7

Plasticity

Back 7

The brains to change, especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways.

Front 8

PET scan

Back 8

A virtual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain perfoms a given task.

Front 9

Sensory cortex

Back 9

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers touch and movement

Front 10

Occipital lobes

Back 10

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head. Controls eyes

Front 11

Synapse

Back 11

A junction in between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of receiving neuron

Front 12

Action potential

Back 12

A neural impulse;a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

Front 13

Mri

Back 13

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of the brain

Front 14

Parietal lobes

Back 14

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head

Front 15

Fmri

Back 15

A technique for revealing blood flow therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI

Front 16

Cerebellum

Back 16

The little brain at the rear of the brain stem. Processes sensory input and coordinating movement

Front 17

Motor neuron

Back 17

Neurons that carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Front 18

Temporal lobes

Back 18

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; controls hearing

Front 19

Frontal lobes

Back 19

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead

Front 20

Glial cells (glia)

Back 20

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish & protect neurons; play a role in learning and thinking

Front 21

Nervous system

Back 21

The body's speedy electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerve cells of peripheral & central nervous system

Front 22

Endorphins

Back 22

Naturalistic, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pleasure and pain control

Front 23

Somatic nervous system

Back 23

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

Front 24

Motor cortex

Back 24

An area at the rear of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement

Front 25

Hypothalamus

Back 25

A neural structure lying below the thalamus it directs several maintenance activities

Front 26

Limbus system

Back 26

Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres :associated with emotions and drives

Front 27

Amygdala

Back 27

2 limabean sized neural clusters in the limbic system

Front 28

Sensory neurons

Back 28

Neurons that carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Front 29

Nerves

Back 29

Bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous systems with muscles glands and sense organs

Front 30

PNS peripheral nervous system

Back 30

The sensory and motor neurons that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Front 31

Thalamus

Back 31

The brains switchboard located on top of the brain stem directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Front 32

Threshold

Back 32

A level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Front 33

Medulla

Back 33

The base of the brain stem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Front 34

Reuptake

Back 34

A neurotransmitters reabsorption by sending neuron

Front 35

Biological perspective

Back 35

Concerned with the links between biology and behavior includes psychologist workingin neuroscience

Front 36

Neurotransmitters

Back 36

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.

Front 37

Autonomic nervous system

Back 37

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glands and muscles of the internal organs . Has two divisions

Front 38

Brainstem

Back 38

The oldest part and central core of brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

Front 39

Reticular formation

Back 39

A nerve network that travels thru the brainstem and plays important role in controlling arousal

Front 40

Pituitary gland

Back 40

The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Front 41

Adrenal glands

Back 41

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Front 42

Lesion

Back 42

Tissue destruction. A brain is a naturally or experimentally caused by destruction of brain tissue

Front 43

EEG electroencephalogram

Back 43

An amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweeps across tje brains surfave.

Front 44

CNS central nervous system

Back 44

The brain and spinal cord