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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thermal Motions power... |
Biological Interactions |
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What is the Brownian Motion |
Vital Energy Source for Life Movement of pollen or dust |
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Water and gas molecules collide at rates dependent of what? |
Temperature |
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What is the optimal medium for "random" collisions and movement? |
Water |
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What are weak interactions necessary for? |
Cellular Function |
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What is another way Electrostatic Interaction is known as? |
Salt Bridged or Ionic Bonds |
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like dissolves... |
like |
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What is the law associated with Electrostatic Interaction? |
Coulomb's Law |
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What causes an Electrostatic Interaction? |
When substances electrostatically attracted to eachother go into polar solvent (H2O) force or interaction decreases Competition |
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Where is Hydrogen Bonding highest? |
In Electronegative Elements (N, O, F) |
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What does a Hydrogen Bonding interaction utilize? |
a lone pair |
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What process is H-Bonds responsible for? |
Transpiration |
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Other functions of H-Bonds..? |
Important Biological Solvent Keeps things out
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Is polar hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
hydrophilic |
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Is nonpolar hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
hydrophobic |
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What are Van der Waals Interactions? |
Electronegative charge around atom Will result in partial positive and partial negative Neighboring atom will interact electrostatically Contact distance is optimal distance for attraction |
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What is an example of a hydophobic molecule in water? |
drop of oil |
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What is Entropy? |
Measure of randomness |
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What is the Gibb's Free Energy Formula? |
Change in G=change in H-Tchange in S |
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Do you want change in G to be positive or negative? |
Negative |
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Do you want the entropic term to be positive or negative? |
Positive |
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Do you want to entropic term to be big or small? |
Big |
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What is membrane formation driven by? |
Hydrophobic Effect |
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Where does Acid Base Chemistry take place? |
Water |
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Is there ionization in Acid Base Chemistry? |
Small extent |
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What is ionization? |
When a compound or molecule becomes an ion |
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What is the concentration of each ion in pure water? |
1x10^7 M |
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What is KW? |
[H+][OH-] |
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What is Keq? |
The state of equilibrium, when reactions are stable Doesn't change with time [products]/[reactant] stoichiometry becomes superscripts K>1 eq favors product formation K<1 eq favors reactant side |
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What is an acid? |
a proton donor |
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What is a base? |
Hydroxide donor/ proton acceptor |
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Are all acids and bases of equal strength? |
No |
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A strong acid is... |
100% dissociated |
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A weak acid is... |
Less than 100% dissociated |
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What is Ka |
The acid dissociation constant |
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What is the formula for Ka |
[A-][H+]/[HA] |
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What is pH measured by? |
Proton Concentration |
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What is the pH Range? |
1-14
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What is an acidic pH? |
1-6 |
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What is a neutral pH? |
7 |
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What is a basic pH? |
8-14 |
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What is the formula for pH? |
-log[H+] or [H+]=10^-pH |
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What is POH? |
OH Concentration |
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what is the formula for POH? |
-log[OH-] or [OH-]=1x10^-POH Ph+POH=14 |
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What is neutralization? |
When they fully react to eachother |
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In neutralization: what does a strong acid and a strong base go to? |
Salt and Water |
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What is the ratio of the equivalence point? |
1:1 |
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When talking about the equivalence point which will dictate? |
The strong will dictate |
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What is a titration? |
When pH increases; a base must be going into an acidic solution |
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What is the PKa |
The pH of an acid that is 1/2 dissociated |
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What is a buffer? |
A type of solution resistant to changes in pH Even when acids and bases are added |
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How do you make a buffer solution? |
H+ and OH- Must be composed of things that absorb protons and hydroxides
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What is a buffer usually composed of? |
weak acid and conj. base weak base and conj. acid |
