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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All matter is composed of? |
Atoms |
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Electons have what kind of charge? |
Negative |
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Protons have what kind of charge? |
Postive |
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Do protons have mass? |
Yes
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What charge does a neutron have? |
None |
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Does neutrons have mass? |
No |
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What kind of mass does electrons have? |
Negligible |
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Do atoms have volume and mass, or both? |
Both |
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What is a pure substance that contains only one kind of atom? |
Element
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What is the atomic number? |
The number of protons |
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All elements except __ has one or more protons |
Hydrogen |
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What is the mass number? |
The number of protons + the number of neutrons |
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Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons, and different mass numbers is called __ |
Isotopes |
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Atomic weight is __ |
Average of mass numbers of isotopes in their normally occurring proportions
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What gives off energy in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation from the nucleus |
Radioisotopes |
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What transforms the atoms and sometimes results in a change in the number of protons |
Radioactive decay |
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A molecule is a __ |
Stable association of atoms |
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The orbital is the region where an ___ is found at least __ % of the time |
Electron 90 % |
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First shell of orbital holds ___ |
2 Electrons |
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Second shell of orbital holds _ |
8 Electrons |
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Third shell of orbital holds _ |
8 Electrons |
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The outermost electron shell (____) determines how the atom ___ |
Valence shell Behaves
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Octet rule |
Tendency of atoms to form stable molecules resulting in 8 electrons in their outermost shells |
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The attractive force that links atoms together to form molecules |
Chemical Bond |
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Covalent bonds |
Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons so that the outer shells are filled |
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Compound |
A molecule made up of two or more elements bonded together in a fixed ratio |
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What is an EX of a compound molecule? |
H20 |
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The molecular weight of a compound is the __ of the atomic weights of all __ in a molecule |
Sum Atoms |
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The attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons is |
Electronegativity
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Polar covalent bond |
Electrons are drawn to one nucleus more than the other because the atom has a greater electronegativity |
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Nonpolar covalent bond |
Electrons are shared equally |
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Ions |
electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons |
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Cations |
Positive |
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Anions |
Negative |
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Complex ions |
Groups of covalently bonded atoms that carry a charge |
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Ionic attractions |
Bonds formed by electrical attractions of positive and negative ions |
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What is an EX of a Ionic attraction? |
Salt |
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Ions are close together and the ionic attractions are strong in a __ |
Solid |
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In water, the ions are __ apart and the attraction is much __ |
Far Weaker |
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Hydrogen bond |
The attraction between the negative end of one molecule and the positive hydrogen end of another molecule |
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Hydrogen bond |
The attraction between the negative end of one molecule and the positive hydrogen end of another molecule |
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Polar molecules that form hydrogen bonds with water are__ |
Hydrophilic |
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Non-polar molecules such as__ that interact with each other but not water are___ |
Hydrocarbons Hydrophobic |
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Non-polar molecules such as__ that interact with each other but not water are___ |
Hydrocarbons Hydrophobic |
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Van der waals force |
Attractions between non-polar molecules that are close together |
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Non-polar molecules such as__ that interact with each other but not water are___ |
Hydrocarbons Hydrophobic |
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Van der waals force |
Attractions between non-polar molecules that are close together |
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When a atom collides with enough energy to combine or change their bonding partners, a____ occurs |
Chemical reaction |
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Waters structure and properties |
Polar molecules Forms hydrogen bonds Tetrahedral shape |
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A solution is a substance (___) dissolved in a liquid (___) |
Solute Solvent |
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Qualitative analysis |
Identification of the substances involved in chemical reactions |
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Qualitative analysis |
Identification of the substances involved in chemical reactions |
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Quantitative analysis |
Measuring concentrations of the substances |
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Qualitative analysis |
Identification of the substances involved in chemical reactions |
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Quantitative analysis |
Measuring concentrations of the substances |
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The amount of a substance that is numerically equal to its molecular weight |
Mole |
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Weak acid and is base |
Buffer |
