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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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constitution
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A nations basic laws
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-it creates political institutions,
-signs of powers in government -often provide certain guarantees to citizens |
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Declaration of Independence
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The document approved by representatives of the American colonists stating their grievances towards the British monarch and declaring their independence
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a "dear John" letter to the king of england
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natural rights
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Rights inherited in human beings, not dependent on governments.
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life, liberty and property
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consent of the governed
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The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people
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People agree on who the rulers are
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limited government
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The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens
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A clear restriction on what the rules can do
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articles of confederation
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The first Constitution of the United States adopted by the Congress in 1777 and activated in 1781.
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The articles establish the national legislature, the Continental Congress, but most of the authority rested with the state legislatures
first constitution articles failed |
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shays rebellion
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The series of attacks on court houses by small band the farmers led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays
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they stopped foreclosure proceedings
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U.S constitution
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The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of US government and the tasks these institutions perform.
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It replaced the articles of confederation
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factions
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Parties or interest groups that James Madison saw as arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth and attacked as having the potential to cause instability in government
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democrats and republicans
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New Jersey Plan
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The proposal at the constitutional convention that called for the equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population
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every state has the same amount of representatives
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Virginia plan
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The proposal at the constitutional convention that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion of the states share of the US population
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the state's representatives are proportionate to their population
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Connecticut compromise
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The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses of Congress: House of Representatives and the Senate
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HoR.
representation is based on the state's share of the US population Senate each state has 2 representatives |
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writ of habeas corpus
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A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody
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if a proper explanation is not given, the judge may order a release
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separation of power
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the three branches of government would be relatively independent of one another so that no single branch could control the others
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executive
legislative judicial |
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checks and balances
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Features of the Constitution that limit government's power by requiring that power be balanced among the different government institutions.
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setting power against power to constrain governmental actions
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republic
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A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws
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representatives of the public have power
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Federalists
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Supporters of the US Constitution at the time the States were contemplating its adoption
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people who believed in the constitution
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Anti Federalists
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Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating is adoption
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People who didn't believe in the Constitution
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Federalist Papers
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The collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton John Jay and James Madison under the name "Publius" defend the Constitution in detail
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supported the constitution
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments to the US Constitution drafted in response to some of the anti-federalists concerns
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These amendments defined basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendants rights
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Equal Rights Amendment
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The constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that "equality of rights under the laws shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"
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this amendment did not pass the rule of 3/4 of the legislatures
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Marbury vs Madison
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The 1803 case in which the Supreme Court asserted its right to determine the meaning of the US Constitution. The decision established the courts power of judicial review over acts of Congress
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a judge in court has to review an act of congress
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Judicial review
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The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and, by implication, the executives in accord with the US Constitution
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courts determine whether an act of congress follows the rules of the constitution
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