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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An element cannot be broken down by chemical means into other, more basic forms... true or false?
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true
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what is an atom?
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the smallest particle of matter that carries the specific properties of an element
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when two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, a new substance ______ is formed
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water homie
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what are the 3 states of matter?
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gas, liquid, solid
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what is the difference between acf (actual cubic feet) and scf (standard cubic feet)?
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actual cubic feet (acf) of a gas refers to the quantity of a gas at ambient conditions...Standard cubic feet relates the quantity measurement of a gas under pressure to a specific condition. Note: For air, the standard cubic foot is measured at 60°F and 14.696 psia.
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What are the six basic types of energy?
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mechanical, heat, light, chemical, electromagnetic, and nuclear
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Light passing from an object bends as it passes through the diver’s faceplate and the air in his mask, this phenomenon is called what?
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Refraction
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The more turbid the water, the ______ the distance at which the reversal from underestimation to overestimation occurs
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shorter
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water molecules and particulate matter bouncing and scattering light rays is called what?
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diffusion
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in what order are colors filtered out as depth increases?
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red, orange, yellow, green, blue
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two or more distinct contiguous layers of water at different temperatures are called what?
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thermoclines
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how fast does sound travel underwater?
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4,921 feet per second
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When using a diver-held pinger system, divers are advised to wear what?
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standard ¼-inch neoprene hood
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The high-brisance explosives create a high-level shock and pressure waves of ____ duration over a _____ area. Low brisance explosives create a less intense shock and pressure waves of ____ duration over a ______ area.
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short, limited, long, greater
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During an underwater explosion, a partially submerged diver whose head and upper body are out of the water, may experience an increased effect of the shock and pressure waves on the lungs, ears, and sinuses... true or false?
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false
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How can a diver minimize the effects of an explosion if he is in the water?
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the diver can position himself with feet pointing toward and head directly away from the explosion
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What is conduction?
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the transmission of heat by direct contact
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What is convection?
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the transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids
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What is radiation?
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heat transmission by electromagnetic waves of energy. Heat from the sun, electric heaters, and fireplaces is primarily radiant heat.
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A diver will start to become chilled when the water temperature falls below a seemingly comfortable ____ degrees.
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70 degrees
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Is a chilled diver more susceptible to decompression sickness?
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yes
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Cellular neoprene wet suits gain a major portion of their insulating properties as depth increases and the material compresses... true or false?
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false, wet suits become less effective as depth increases and the material compresses
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respiratory heat loss increases as depth increases, true or false?
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true... respiratory heat loss increases from 10 percent of the body’s heat generating capacity at one ata (atmosphere absolute), to 28 percent at 7 ata, to 50 percent at 21 ata when breathing helium-oxygen
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One atmosphere is equal to how many feet of saltwater?
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33 fsw (14.7 psi)
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for every foot of sea water, the total pressure is increased by ____ psi
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0.445 psi
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Archimedes’ Principle, what is it?
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Any object wholly or partly immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
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Fresh water has a density of ____ pounds per cubic foot
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62.4 lbs. per cubic foot
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Sea water density is ____ pounds per cubic foot
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64.0 lbs. per cubic foot
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Atmospheric air contains approximately ___ percent oxygen.
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21 percent
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The affinity of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin is approximately ___ times that of oxygen
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210
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The “Donald Duck” effect is caused by the acoustic properties of _____ and it impairs voice communications in deep diving
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helium
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The kinetic theory of gases states:
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“The kinetic energy of any gas at a given temperature is the same as the kinetic energy of any other gas at the same temperature.”
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_____ law states that at constant temperature, the absolute pressure and the volume of gas are inversely proportional.
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Boyle's
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____ law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the change in the absolute temperature.
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Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s
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The _______ law combines the laws to predict the behavior of a given quantity of gas when any of the factors change
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general gas
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Dalton’s law states:
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“The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each of the different gases making up the mixture, with each gas acting as if it alone was present and occupied the total volume.”
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The temperature at which a gas is saturated with water vapor is called the ____
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dewpoint!
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Why are really fat divers more susceptible to decompression sickness?
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nitrogen is five times more soluble in fat than it is in water. Thus, fat divers do not off gas as effectively.
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Henry’s law states:
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“The amount of any given gas that will dissolve in a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.”
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Because a large percentage of the human body is water, which law simply states that as one dives deeper and deeper, more gas will dissolve in the body tissues and that upon ascent, the dissolved gas must be released
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Henry’s Law
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When a diver becomes "saturated", his body tissues contain more, less, or equal amount of gas compared to his blood?
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equal
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Why does a chilled diver in cold water absorb more nitrogen than a comfortable diver in warm water?
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because the solubility of gases is affected by temperature—the lower the temperature, the higher the solubility.
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In regards to conflicts in documentation... in what order of precedence are the tech manual, PMS/MRC, and O & M manual consulted?
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PMS/MRC first, O & M manual second, manufacturers technical manual third
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Diving equipment used to conduct diving operations shall be authorized for use by...
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NAVSEA/00C Diving Equipment Authorized For Navy Use (ANU)
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Surface supplied diving systems, hyperbaric chamber systems, and selected free swimming SCUBA underwater breathing apparatus shall be certified in accordance with...
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U.S. Navy Diving and Manned Hyperbaric System Safety Certification Manual (SS521-AA-MAN-010)
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the System Certificatoin Authority (SCA) for all afloat and portable diving and hyperbaric systems is...
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NAVSEA
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the system certification authority (SCA) for all shore-based diving and hyperbaric systems is...
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NAVFAC
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the System Certification Authority (SCA) for submarine-employed Dry Deck Shelters and one atmosphere diving systems is...
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NAVSEA
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Who approves the set of OP's and EP's that all diving systems and recompression chamber systems must operate in accordance with?
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NAVSEA and NAVFAC
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What are some examples of diving equipment that have standardized OP/EPs that are included as part of the system O&M Manual?
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TRCS, MK-16, MK-25, MK-3 LWDS
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What are three reasons to perform an air sample?
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Routine maintenance (every 6 months), system overhaul, or air quality is suspect
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What window of time can an air sample be obtained from its last accomplishment?
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4-8 months
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A properly selected dive system gauge should display what percentage range of the systems maximum operating pressure?
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130-160% of maximum operating pressure
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Calibrated gauges should be stored in what type of environment?
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clean, dry, vibration-free environment
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Gauges should always be mounted on gauge boards, panels, or brackets to prevent what?
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damage by vibration, shock, or impact
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How many ports does a caissons gauge have on the back?
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2
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what are the two types of helical Bourdon Tube Gauges?
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standard exterior gauge and caissons gauge
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Who establishes regulations for transporting compressed gas cylinders?
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Department of Transportation (DOT)
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What information is stamped in accordance with DOT regulation on the shoulder of a compressed gas bottle?
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serial number, DOT inspection stamp, a pressure rating, the date of last hydrostatic test
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For surface supplied diving, depth guages and pnuemofathometers should be accurate to what percentage of the full scale?
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1 percent of full scale for surface supplied operations
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For saturation diving operations, depth guages and pnuemofathometers should be accurate to what percentage of the full scale?
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¼ of 1 percent of full scale for saturation diving operations
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What are the five functions of oil lubrication?
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Prevent wear between friction surfaces, seal close clearances, protect against corrosion, transfer heat away from heat-producing surfaces,
transfer minute particles generated from normal system wear to the oil sump or oil filter if so equipped |
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Diving systems that do not have a high-pressure (HP) air compressor within the scope of certification shall only be charged with air produced by HP air compressors listed on the ANU list... true or false?
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true
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If diver's air quality is suspect, when should diver's continue using that air supply?
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not until the cause of the problem has been corrected and a satisfactory air sample analysis has been obtained validating the production of acceptable air
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Submission of OPs/EPs for approval must precede the requested on-site survey date by ____ calendar days to allow complete review and resolution of questions
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90
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Can a diving supervisor authorize diving equipment to be modified or altered from approved configuration?
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no, written approval has to be granted by the applicable diving equipment technical program manager
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