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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is the Mass number calculated
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number of protons + number of neutrons
or atomic number + number of neutrons |
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Law of Definite Proportions
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different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass
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law of multiple proportions
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if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in rations of small whole numbers
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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matter can be neither created nor destroyed
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Atom
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the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination
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Radiation
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the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves
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electrons
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negatively charged particles
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radioactivity
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spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation
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Alpha rays
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consist of positively charged particles called alpha particles
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Beta rays (or beta particles)
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electrons
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gamma rays
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high energy rays which have no charge and are not affected by an external field
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nucleus
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a dense central core within the atom
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protons
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positively charged particles in the nucleus
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neutrons
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electrically neutral particles that that have a mass slightly greater than that of protons
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element
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mass number
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the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element
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isotopes
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atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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periods
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horizontal rows on the periodic table
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groups or families
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vertical columns on the periodic table
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metal
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a good conductor of heat and electricity
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nonmetal
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a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
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has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
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alkali metals
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Group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
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alkaline earth metals
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Group 2A elements (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
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halogens
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Group 7A elements (F, Cl, Br, I and At)
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noble gases
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Group 8A elements (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
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molecule
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an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces
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diatomic molecule
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contains only two atoms
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polyatomic molecule
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molecules containing more than two atoms
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Ion
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an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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cation
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an ion with a net positive charge
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anion
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an ion with a net negative charge
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ionic compound
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a compound formed from cations and anions
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monatomic ions
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contain only one atom
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polyatomic ions
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ions containing more than one atom
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chemical formulas
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used to express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols
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allotrope
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one of two or more distinct forms of an element (eg O2, 03)
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structural formula
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show how atoms are bonded to one another
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empirical formula
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tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole-number ratio of their atoms
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Organic compounds
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compounds containing carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
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inorganic compounds
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all compounds which are not organic
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ternary compounds
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compounds consisting of three elements
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Molecular compounds
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compounds which contain discrete molecular units, usually composed of nonmetallic elements
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acid
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a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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Oxoacids
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contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (the central element)
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base
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a substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
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hydrates
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compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
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