Chapter 2

Front 1

John Smith

Back 1

-Colonial leader who brought structure and stability to Jamestown during its starting years. As a member of the governing council of Virginia he was chosen to replace the previous president in 1608. Smith is credited with organizing trade with the Powhatan Confederacy and leading the colony through its roughest years.

Front 2

Jamestown

Back 2

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.

Front 3

Joint Stock Company

Back 3

-A business owned by investors through control of stocks. Examples operated in England and dealt with colonial markets in America. Such companies organized and supported the colonies through charters from the British government and while they worked with the government they made private profits

Front 4

Indentured Servant

Back 4

-People who promised their lives as servants in order to get to the colonies. The servants, who were usually white, worked for a certain amount of time so to pay off their debt. This practice led to social tensions with such eruptions as Bacon’s Rebellion and eventually was replaced by race slavery.

Front 5

Puritans

Back 5

-People who were known for their extremely critical attitude regarding religious compromises.

Front 6

John Winthrop

Back 6

-Governor of Massachusetts for 12 terms in 1630

Front 7

King Philip's War

Back 7

-King Philip's war was faught in Rhode island and Massachusetts; Beginning June 1675; Began with the murder of a conveted Wampanoag.

Front 8

The Headright System

Back 8

-System enacted first in Virginia then in Baltimore to attract people to the sparsely populated colonies. The system worked by granting large amount of land to anyone who brought over a certain amount of colonists. In Baltimore, anyone bringing five adults at their own expense would receive two thousand acres.

Front 9

The Calverts

Back 9

-First settlers to colonize Maryland in 1634.

Front 10

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 10

-Colonial rebellion against the governor of Virginia in 1676. Nathaniel Bacon was the leader of the uprising protesting Governor Berkeley’s neglect of calls for a stronger military presence in the frontier to end problems caused by Indian hostility. The revolt succeeded in driving away the governor and it appeared it would achieve success when Bacon died shortly after the initial success before any progress was made and the rebellion dissipated.

Front 11

William Penn

Back 11

Founder of Pennsylvaniaa, in 1682.

Front 12

Quakers

Back 12

members of a movement -Religious Society of Friends - that began in England in the 17th century

Front 13

Mercantilism

Back 13

the theory of trade adopted by the major European powers from roughly 1500 to 1800.

Front 14

Navigation Acts

Back 14

2 acts; first to protect English shipping; second to secure a profit to a home country from the colonies; first act passed in 1651; second act passed in 1660

Front 15

Roger Williams

Back 15

An american protestant theologian and the first American proponent of religious freedom and the seperation of church and state

Front 16

Anne Hutchinson

Back 16

Religious leader and first American feminist; she believed in the individual freedom of speech, thought and worship. pushed limits of proper female behavior; challenged clergy.

Front 17

Starving time

Back 17

-The period early in any settlements development when food and supplies are scarce due to lack of preparation, unfamiliarity with the surroundings, weather, and inability to successfully grow crops. The starving time usually cost a large percentage of the settlers lives and lasted for the first few years.

Front 18

John Rolfe

Back 18

-English colonist and farmer who greatly aided the colony. Rolfe is credited with introducing tobacco as a crop for export, which ensured the colony of profits as well as bringing eight years of peace between Indians and colonists through his marriage to Pocahontas.

Front 19

Purpose of Virginia

Back 19

Virginia was founded primarily for the purpose of profit by the joint-stock owned Virginia Company of London. It was also important in giving England territorial claims in America to match Spanish and French expansion, and to also give England markets and resources in the New World.

Front 20

Problems and failures of Virginia

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-Included trouble with Indians and a "starving time" in the winter of 1609 which the colony barely survived. Virginia also suffered from debt, a high death rate, fraudulent local officials, and more Indian trouble. The problems eventually made the Virginia Company go bankrupt.

Front 21

House of Burgesses

Back 21

-A regular assembly of elected representatives that developed in the Virginia colony in the 1630’s. The House of Burgesses was split into two chambers in 1650, creating the House of Burgesses and the Governors Council. The House was a bicameral legislature that was a model for our congress.

Front 22

Successes of Virginia

Back 22

-Virginia succeeded politically in terms of creating the House of Burgesses as a semi-democratic assembly and forcing governors to cooperate with the legislature. They did this through the power of the purse as governors did not control money, and therefore depended on the legislature for they salaries.

Front 23

Cavalier

Back 23

-The group of supporters of Charles I in the English Civil War which lasted from 1642-1648. The term Cavalier continued to be used to mean any supporter of the British crown, especially Americans who were British sympathizers during the American Revolution.