Chapter 2

Front 1

John Smith

Back 1

who-Admiral of New England and an English Solider
when-During the voyages of the early 1700's
significance-Established the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virgina

Front 2

Jamestown

Back 2

what-Is located in Jamestown island in the Virginia Colony
when-Was founded on May, 1607
significance-The First permanent English Settlement

Front 3

Joint Stock Company

Back 3

what-A type of business entity, type of corporation or partnership between to or more legal persons
when-Stocks are issued by the company in return for each financial contribution
significance-There are two kinds of joint stock company:private and public companies

Front 4

Indentured Servant

Back 4

who-A worker, typically a laborer or tradesmen, who is obligated to work for a certain amount of time.
when-Most immigrants arrived in Colonial America as indentured servants.
significance-Usually the status of indentured servant was entered into voluntarily by the servant

Front 5

Puritans

Back 5

who-a Significant group of English speaking Protestant .
when-During the 16th and 17th centuries.
significance-Foundation of American democracy

Front 6

John Winthrop

Back 6

who-Elected as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
when-Led a group of English puritans to the new world in 1630
significance-was voted out of governorship and then re-elected a total of twelve times

Front 7

King Philips War

Back 7

what-An Armed conflict between Native Americans of present day southern New England and English Colonists
when-during 1675 to 1676
significance-It was one of the bloodiest and costliest wars in the history of North America

Front 8

The Headright System

Back 8

what-A legal grant of land to settlers
when-Used in Jamestown, Virginia, starting in 1618 as an attempt to solve labor shortages
significance-Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies

Front 9

The Calverts

Back 9

Who(People): The Calverts were catholic people and businessman
When: This happened between 1632-1655
Significance: This is significant because they Established the colony of Maryland

Front 10

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 10

what-An Uprising in the Virginia Colony,led by Nathaniel Bacon a wealthy planter.
when-an uprising in 1676
significance-the uprising was a protest against Native American raids in the frontier

Front 11

William Penn

Back 11

who-An English real estate entrepreneur and entreprenuer
when-founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania.
significance-Penn wrote and urged for a Union of all the English colonies in what was to become the United States of America.

Front 12

Quakers

Back 12

who-Religion that is based on a community of frienship
when-Religious turmoil in the colonies
significance- A christian denomination that refer to themselves as friends, and practice to this day

Front 13

Mercantilism

Back 13

what-An economy theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism
when-The theory dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century.
significance-Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports.

Front 14

Navigation acts

Back 14

what-a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies
when-started in 1651
significance-Later, they were one of several sources of resentment in the American colonies against Great Britain, helping cause the American Revolutionary War.

Front 15

Roger William

Back 15

who-An American Protestant theologian and first American proponent of religious freedom
when-In 1636, he began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities.
significance-He was a student of Indian languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.

Front 16

Anne Hutchinson

Back 16

who-Was a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands
when-After a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
significance-She went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons, some, such as antinomianism, offended the colony leadership.

Front 17

John coodes

Back 17

who-lead a rebellion that overthrew Maryland's colonial government in 1689.
when-during 1689-1691
significance-He participated in four separate uprisings and briefly served as Maryland's governor

Front 18

Rebellion

Back 18

what-A refusal of obedience or order.
when-Throughout history, many different groups that opposed their governments have been called rebels.
significance-Those who participate in rebellions are known as "rebels".

Front 19

Incas

Back 19

Who-The Incas were a civilization that began as a tribe in the Cuzco area
When-In 1442, the Incas began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Patchacuti.
Significance-He founded the Inca Empire, which became the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.

Front 20

Mayas

Back 20

Who-A Mesoamerican civilization
When-Many Maya cities reached their highest state development during the Classic period
Significance-noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas.

Front 21

Aztecs

Back 21

Who-The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico
When-a period referred to as the late post-classic period
Significance-particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica

Front 22

Chaco Canyon

Back 22

What-A canyon consisted Densely of pueblos
When-15th century
Significance-Was home of Apache and Navajo Pueblos

Front 23

Woodland Indians

Back 23

Who-Natives that flourished it the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S
When-200 BCE- 500CE
Significance-Practiced agriculture

Front 24

Mobile Societies
(Native Americans)

Back 24

What-Nomadic
When-
Significance-

Front 25

Agriculture
(Natives)

Back 25

What-An early crop the Native Americans grew was squash. Others early crops included cotton, sunflower, pumpkins, tobacco, goosefoot, knotgrass, and sump weed.
When-Agriculture in the southwest started around 4,000 years ago
Significance-The most important crop the Native Americans raised was maize.

Front 26

Leif Erikson

Back 26

Who-was a Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America
When-nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus
Significance-he established a Norse settlement at Vinland

Front 27

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 27

Who-A Portuguese explorer
When-4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460
Significance-responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade.

Front 28

Christopher Colombus

Back 28

Who-was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from Genoa, Italy
When-31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506
Significance-whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents

Front 29

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 29

Who-was a Portuguese explorer.
When-1519–1522
Significance-Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean

Front 30

The Conquistadors

Back 30

Who-The Conquistadors in the Americas were more volunteer militia than an actual organized military.
When-5th through the 19th centuries
Significance-Some were supported by a government such as Hernan Cortes by Spain.

Front 31

Cortez

Back 31

Who-was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire
When-in the early 16th century
Significance-Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Front 32

Francisco Pizarro

Back 32

Who-was a Spanish conquistador
When-1471 or 1476
Significance-conqueror of the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.

Front 33

Ordinance of Discovery
(Aztec)

Back 33

What-
When-
Significance-

Front 34

Catholic Missionaries
(Natives)

Back 34

Who-
When-
Significance-

Front 35

St Augustine 1565

Back 35

What-a city in the northeast section of Florida
When-Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral
Significance-it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the United States

Front 36

Ecomiendas

Back 36

What-a labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown
When-during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines
Significance-the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility

Front 37

Pueblo revolt 1680

Back 37

What-an uprising of many pueblos
When-1680
Significance-against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.

Front 38

Mestizo

Back 38

Who-is a Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period
When-during the Spanish colonial period
Significance-Latin America to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.

Front 39

John Cabot

Back 39

Who-was an Italian navigator and explorer
When-whose 1497 discovery of North America
Significance-The official position of the Canadian and United Kingdom governments is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland.

Front 40

The English Reformation

Back 40

What-was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England
When-16th-century
Significance-These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation

Front 41

John Calvin

Back 41

Who-was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation
When-10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564
Significance-Originally trained as a humanist lawyer

Front 42

New Amsterdam

Back 42

What-was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement
When-1614 - 1674
Significance-served as the capital of New Netherland

Front 43

West India Company

Back 43

What-granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies
When-June 3, 1621
Significance-The area where the company could operate consisted of West Africa

Front 44

Richard Hakluyt

Back 44

Who-was an English writer
When-(1598–1600)
Significance-He is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works

Front 45

Doctrine of Predestination

Back 45

What-is a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world
When- Mid 1500's
Significance-In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God "freely and unchangeable ordained whatsoever comes to pass.

Front 46

Puritan Separatists

Back 46

What-were a significant grouping of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries
When-16th and 17th centuries
Significance-Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559

Front 47

Elizabeth I.

Back 47

Who-was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death
When-17 November 1558 until death
Significance-Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty

Front 48

Coureurs de bois

Back 48

Who-
When-
Significance-

Front 49

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 49

Who
When-
Significance-

Front 50

Roanoke

Back 50

Who
When-
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Front 51

James I

Back 51

Who
When-
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Front 52

Lord Delawar

Back 52

Who
When-
Significance-

Front 53

Tobacco

Back 53

What-
When-
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Front 54

Virginia Company

Back 54

What-
When-
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Front 55

Powhatan's

Back 55

Who
When-
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Front 56

Proprietary rule

Back 56

What-
When-
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Front 57

Toleration Act

Back 57

What-
When-
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Front 58

Plymouth Plantation

Back 58

What-
When-
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Front 59

Mayflower Compact

Back 59

What-
When-
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Front 60

William Bradford

Back 60

Who
When-
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Front 61

Colonial Currency

Back 61

What-
When-
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Front 62

Pequot War

Back 62

What-
When-
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Front 63

Theocratic society

Back 63

What-
When-
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Front 64

The Narragansetts

Back 64

Who
When-
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Front 65

English Civil War

Back 65

What-
When-
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Front 66

Middle Colonies

Back 66

What-
When-
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Front 67

Charter of Liberties

Back 67

What-
When-
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Front 68

Black codes

Back 68

What-
When-
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Front 69

Holy Experiment

Back 69

What-
When-
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Front 70

California 1760's

Back 70

What-
When-
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Front 71

James Oglethorpies

Back 71

Who-
When-
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Front 72

Sir Edmond Andros

Back 72

Who-
When-
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Front 73

The Glorious Revolution

Back 73

What-
When-
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Front 74

Cambridge Agreement

Back 74

What-
When-
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Front 75

Church of England
(Anglican)

Back 75

What-
When-
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Front 76

Covenant Theology

Back 76

What-
When-
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Front 77

Half way Covenant

Back 77

What-
When-
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Front 78

Thomas Hooker

Back 78

Who-
When-
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Front 79

Say brook Platform

Back 79

What-
When-
Significance

Front 80

Cavaliers

Back 80

Who-
When-
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Front 81

John Locke

Back 81

Who-
When-
Significance-