Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
John Smith
|
Leader of Virginia Colony between September 1608 and August 1609.He is recognized for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in the New World at Jamestown.
|
|
|
Jamestown
|
Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony was founded on May 14, 1607. Jamestown was the first English settlement in the New World
|
|
|
Joint Stock Company
|
involves two or more legal persons involved in business or stock holding.
|
|
|
Indentured servant
|
a worker under contract for a period of time(3-7 yr.) in exchange for necessities.
|
|
|
Puritans
|
English-speaking protestants in the 16th and 17th century.
|
|
|
John Winthrop
|
obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans, from King Charles I for the Massachusetts Bay Company and led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630.
|
|
|
King Philips War
|
war between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–1676. took place in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maine.
|
|
|
The headright system
|
starting in 1618, in Jamestown
|
|
|
Bacon's Rebellion
|
uprising in 1676, it was the first rebellion in the American Colonies, protesting Native American raids on the frontier.
|
|
|
William Penn
|
English entrepreneur and philosopher. Founded province of Pennsylvania in late 1600's.
|
|
|
Quakers
|
George Fox believed that direct experience of God was available to all people, without mediation.
|
|
|
mercantilism
|
the dominant school of thought in Europe throughout the late Renaissance and early modern period (from the 15th-18th century). encouraged the many intra-European wars of the period and arguably fueled European expansion and imperialism — both in Europe and throughout the rest of the world — until the 19th century or early 20th century.
|
|
|
Navigation Acts
|
The English Acts were a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651.
|
|
|
Roger Williams
|
was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the First Baptist Church in America Providence before leaving to become a Seeker. He was a student of Indian languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.
|
|
|
Anne Hutchinson
|
was a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group. held Bible meetings for women that soon appealed to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons, some, such as antinomianism, offended the colony leadership. A major controversy ensued, and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
She is a key figure in the study of the development of religious freedom in England's American colonies and the history of women in ministry. The State of Massachusetts honors her with a State House monument calling her a "courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration."[4] |
|
|
John Coodes Rebellion
|
known for leading a rebellion that overthrew Maryland's colonial government in 1689. He participated in four separate uprisings and briefly served as Maryland's governor (1689-1691).
|
|
|
Incas
|
began as a tribe in the Cuzco area, where the legendary first Sapa Inca, Manco Capac founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200. Under the leadership of the descendants of Manco Capac, the Inca state grew to absorb other Andean communities. In 1442, the Incas began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Patchacuti. He founded the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), which became the largest empire in pre-Colombian America.
|
|
|
Mayans
|
a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD), according to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state development during the Classic period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. At its peak, it was one of the most densely populated and culturally dynamic societies in the world.
|
|
|
Aztecs
|
a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD), according to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state development during the Classic period (c. 250 AD to 900 AD), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. At its peak, it was one of the most densely populated and culturally dynamic societies in the world.
|
|
|
Chaco canyon
|
Between AD 900 and 1150, Chaco Canyon was a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling 15 major complexes which remained the largest buildings in North America until the 19th century.
|
|
|
Woodland Indians
|
From before 1000 BC until 1000 AD the North American continent was inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans of the Woodland era. These were culturally and technically advanced tribes who began permanently inhabiting villages, unlike their nomadic predecessors the Archaic Indians. Woodland Indians are noted for the cultivation of crops in the fertile valleys of North Georgia, creating intricately designed, tempered pottery with the ubiquitous red Georgia clay, building burial mounds and other ceremonial structures and effigies, and developing a system of trade relying on inland waterways and coastal passages.
|
|
|
Moble Ssocieties
( Native Americans ) |
were generally “conveyances” and were drafted before 1650 and were between the settlers and the chiefs of the Native American tribes. “A conveyance to an Englishman necessarily implied its removal from the domain governed by the tribes chief sachem. For such a transaction to be legitimate in the Native American Indians eyes, it had to be approved by the Grand Sachem.
|
|
|
Agriculture ( Natives)
|
everal species of wild plants were domesticated in Eastern North America. They would hunt animals, gather fruits from trees/vines, and pull handfuls of seeds from wild plants. However, the first humans to visit what is now Virginia were not able to plant, nurture, and harvest a crop
|
|
|
Leif Erikson
|
was a Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America, nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus.
|
|
|
Prince Henry the Navigator
|
was an prince of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade.
|
|
|
Christopher Columbus
|
voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".
|
|
|
Ferdinand Magallan
|
Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean, and the first to cross the Pacific.
also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth in the 16th century. |
|
|
The Conquistadors
|
s the term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th through the 19th centuries following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492. The leaders of the conquest of the Aztec Empire were Hernán Cortés and Pedro de Alvarado. Francisco Pizarro led the conquest of the Incan Empire.
|
|
|
Cortes
|
as a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
|
|
|
Fransisco Pizarro
|
was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.
|
|
|
ordinance of Discover (Aztecs)
|
Spanish laws, throughout the sixteenth century. brutal military conquests.
|
|
|
Catholic Missionaries
( Natives ) |
catholics wished to convert all native in the 16th century amongst the most common settlement.
|
|
|
St. Augustine 1565
|
the first European settlement and served as a military outpost.
|
|
|
Ecomiendas
|
is a labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility
|
|
|
Pueblo Revolt
|
1680, or Popé's Rebellion was an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.
|
|
|
Mestizo
|
a Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
|
|
|
John Cabot
|
was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century.
|
|
|
Richard Hakluyt
|
English writer is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1598–1600).
|
|
|
Doctrine of Predestination
|
doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world. 1700th century.
|
|
|
the English Reformation
|
the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
|
|
|
John Calvin
|
influential french theologian. principle figure of Calvinism. March 1536, Calvin published the first edition of his Institutio Christianae Religionis.
|
|
|
Puritan Separatist
|
significant grouping of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries.
|
|
|
Elizabeth I
|
was Queen of England and Ireland.1558 Elizabeth succeeded the Catholic Mary I. her reign was known for the Elizabethan era.
|
|
|
Coueurs de Bois
|
was an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities, during the late 17th century and early 18th century.
|
|
|
New Amsterdam
|
was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherlands. It later became New York City.
|
|
|
West India Company
|
was a chartered company between many sucha s the Dutch and French and was a trade monopoly in the West Indies.
|
|
|
Sir Walter Raleigh
|
was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for popularising tobacco in England. in 1594 Raleigh sailed to South America in search for gold, and published an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of "El Dorado".
|
|
|
Roanoke
|
an enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh. It was carried out by Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville (Raleigh's cousin) in the late 16th century to establish a permanent English settlement in the Virginia Colony.
|
|
|
James I
|
was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625, and King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603 to 1625. under his reign the "Golden Age" of the Elizabethan age continued.
|
|
|
Tobacco
|
an important cash crop for the mew land. impacted the rest of the world especially England.
|
|
|
Virginia Company
|
refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on 10 April 1606.
|
|
|
Powhatan's
|
is the name of a Virginia Indian tribe with a population of approximately 14,000-21,000 when English settled in Jamestown 1607.
|
|
|
Middle colonies
|
also known as the Bread Colonies or the Breadbasket Colonies for the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats, were one area of the Thirteen British Colonies in pre-Revolutionary War Northern America.
|
|
|
The Narragansetts
|
are a Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island.The first European contact was in 1524.
|
|
|
Toleration Act
|
was a law mandating religious tolerance for Christians and was passed on April 21, 1649
|
|
|
Plymouth Plantation
|
was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691
|
|
|
Mayflower Compact
|
first governing document of Plymouth Colony, signed on November 11,1620.
|
|
|
William Bradford
|
was an English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor after John Carver died.
|
|
|
Theocratic society
|
is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of government in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided
|
|
|
charter of liberties
|
written proclamation by Henry I of England regarding the dilema of laws on treatment of church officials and nobles. (1100)
|
|
|
Black Codes
|
laws that limited the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans.(19th century)
|
|
|
Holy Experiment
|
Quakers pursuit to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania.
|
|
|
California 1760's
|
explored by Spanish and English in 1500's through mid-1700's. explorers were in search for gold.
|
|
|
James Oglethorpes
|
social reformer in Britain attempted to restore in the New World. (18th century)
|
|
|
Mercantilism
|
is an economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism,that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable".
|
|
|
Cambridge Agreement
|
agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company which led directly to the foundation of Boston, Massachusetts.
|
|
|
Church of England
|
is the officially established Christian church in England and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches.
|
|
|
Covenant Theology
|
is a conceptual overview and explanatory groundwork for understanding the overall flow of the Bible.
|
|
|
Half Way Covenant
|
was a form of sectional church membership created by New England in 1662.
|
|
|
Saybrook Platform
|
religious proposals adapted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708.
|
|
|
Thomas Hooker
|
emigrated from Holland to the MBC in 1633. As a pastor of Puritans, he moved them to Connecticut to settle in Hartford in 1636. He helped frame the Fundamental Orders (1639), which later formed the basis of the Connecticut constitution.
|
|
|
Cavalier 1642-1647
|
name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651).
|
