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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is culture? |
Culture is the transmission of beliefs, values, norms, folkways, mores, laws, sanctions, taboos, language, food, dress, etc... from one generation to the next. |
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What are beliefs? |
Beliefs are shared ideas about how the world operates. |
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What are values? |
Values are desirable and undesirable behaviors. |
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What are norms? |
Norms are social rules. |
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What are folkways? |
Folkways are social rules that don't enforce strictly. |
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What are mores'? |
Mores' are social rules that we do enforce strictly. |
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What are laws? |
Laws are social rules that are enforced by a formal organization. |
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What are sanctions? |
Sanctions are rewards or punishment appropiate or inappropriate behavior. |
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What are taboos? |
Taboos are sacred behavior. |
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Who is Stan "Laud" Humphrey? |
FIX THIS ONE Respect the privacy of the subject |
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Who are Goldberg and Lewis? |
They found that mothers will hold their sons farther away from them and talk to them in a more commanding form, sociolizing the boys to be assertive and independent. Then would nurture their daughters more and talk calmly, socializing the daughters to be passive and dependent and socializing the men to be assertive and independent. They confirmed it by when the children were able to move around Goldberg and Lewis put a barrier in between the mothers and their children and found that the boys would try to climb over the structure and attempts to get to their mother and the girls will cry for their mother. |
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What is ethnocentrism? |
Examining another society according to one's own society's purview and perceiving the other society to be deficient. |
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What is xenocentrism? |
Examining another society according to the way of life of one's own society and perceiving the other society to be superior. |
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What is temporocentrism? |
Examining a period in time with one's own period in time. |
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What is cultural relativism? |
Examining another society from that society's purview. |
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What is culture shock? |
The inability to utilize taken-for-granted assumptions in foreign societies or when one's own society changes substantially. |
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What is culture lag? |
The incongruence between technology innovation and society's morality. |
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What is sociolization? |
Lifelong learning process of understanding one's culture. |
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What are the development stages? |
Immitation stage, play stage, and the game stage |
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What is the immitation stage? |
The child mimics their significant other. Occurs during ages (0-2) |
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What is the play stage? |
Taking on the role of others. Occurs during ages (3-5/6) |
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Who is George H. Mead? |
He created the development of self theory. He says that self has two distinct characters; the I and the me. The I is the self as a subject in the me is the self as an object. |
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What is the devolopment of self? |
(I) - subject (ME) - object |
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What is ideal culture? |
Perceptions about what the norms, values, and beliefs ought to be. |
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What is language? |
Language is the words people use to share the past, future, goals, and perspectives. |
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What real culture? |
The actual manner in which norms, values, beliefs, and so on are implemented. |
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What is the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis? |
Perception that language allows humans to focus on specific things while ignoring others and shapes people's perception of reality. |
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What is status? |
Status is the importance that society places on positions. |
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What is ascribed status? |
Ascribed status is the importance that society places on positions, that one inherits. |
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What is status inconsistency? |
Status inconsistency is the in congruence in the importance that society places on individual holds.
What society says (external) What we experience (internal) |
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What are rules? |
Rules are behavioral expectations of a given position in society. |
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What is role strain? |
Role strain is the incongruent and behavior expectations in one position an individual holds. |
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What is role conflict? |
Role conflict is the incongruent and behavior expectations into positions an individual holds. What we experience (internal) |
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What is bureaucracy? |
Bureaucracy is organizations designed to run efficiently and effectively to obtain your goal. |
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What are reference groups? |
Reference groups are people will utilize to compare ourselves with. |
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What are primary groups? |
Primary group members are people who have intimate consistent face-to-face interaction with one person. |
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What are groups? |
Groups are people who have similar ideas, things in common, and believe their similarities in commonalities attach them. |
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What are secondary groups? |
Secondary group members are people who have less intimate and more formal interactions. |
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Who is Jean Piaget? |
He created the cognitive development. |
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What is a sensorimotor stage? |
The sensorimotor stage is when a child depends upon his or her external environment for survival. The child will experience their five senses but they do not have the ability to put things in subsequential order or reverse subsequential order and lack abstract thought capabilities. |
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What is the pre-operational stage? |
The pre-operational stage is when the child may be able to put things in subsequential order. When children can recite the alphabet and count to ten but cannot reverse the order of counting numbers and saying the letters. |
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What is the concrete operational stage? |
The concrete operational stage is when children understand seriation, reversibility, and begins to understand abstract thought. |
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What is the formal operational stage? |
The formal operational stage is when the child fully develops abstract thought. |
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What were Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development? |
Sensorimotor stage (0-2), pre-operational stage (2-6), concrete operational stage (7-11), and formal operational stage. |
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Who is Sigmund Freud? |
He created the psychosexual development theory. |
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What were the stages of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory? |
The oral stage (0-1), anal stage (2-3), phallic stage (4-5), latency stage (6), and the genitalia stage. |
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What is the oral stage? |
The child develops oral fixation and individual may chain-smoker over-eat to satisfy this fixation. |
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What is the anal stage? |
The libido energy travels to the child's anal cavity. Given the social pressures of potty training a child learns to derive pleasure from controlling his or her sphincter muscle. |
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What is the phallic stage? |
A child derives pleasure from touching his private parts. Then the child becomes jealous of his father and desires to get the love and attention that their fathers get from their mothers. |
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What is the latency stage? |
The latency stage is when the child desires to have mastery over his external environment. Play focuses on catching lightning bugs, frogs, and games such as King of the Hill. |
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What is the genitalia stage? |
The genitalia stage is when the child enters puberty and sexual intercourse becomes important. |
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What is Freud's theory of Personality? |
Fruits Theory of Personality is when he believes that people have internal mechanisms that desire to be pleased and satisfied. |
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What is an ID? |
And ID is the portion of self that is originated and one's basic drives and desires nothing but pleasure. For example: the people are hungry it's the ID that needs satisfying. |
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What is super-ego? |
Superego is the more socialized portion of self, that listens to the rules of society. Example: when a person wants alcohol at a football game before driving home it is the super-ego during my the person not to drink and drive. |
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What is an ego? |
And ego is the balanced, rational portion of self. It balances the ID with the super-ego to find the satisfying medium in between the two. |
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Who is Charles Horton Cooley? |
Charles Horton Cooley created the Looking-Glass Theory. An individual's perception of who they are is shape behind what they perceive and interpret from others. And the information that they grasp from others and how they come through it makes them who they are. |
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Who is Erik Erikson? |
Erik Erikson created the lifespan Cycle Theory. The lifespan Cycle Theory presents a series of crises at several junctures in an individual's life. |
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What were Erik Erikson's lifespan cycle theory's eight crisises? |
Trust versus mistrust, Autonomy vs Shame and doubt, initiative vs. Guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair. |
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What is trust versus mistrust? |
When a child depends on his or her external environment for survival. The ability to get their needs met provides the child with a general sense of trust in society. If the child's needs are not met they will develop a sense of mistrust in society. |
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What is Autonomy vs Shame and doubt? |
When a child is potty trained there is an huge amount of social pressure play step on them to meet this appropriate responsibility. When they have met this appropriate responsibility they develop a sense of autonomy. And when the child is not a properly socialized through this stage they would develop a sense of shame and doubt about their capabilities to perform this appropriate responsibility. |
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What is the initiative vs guilt? |
When the child has been taught the importance of social engagement. Learn when to show certain emotions. If the child is rewarded with signs of satisfaction from important people in their life they will continue with the sense of initiative. And if the child perceives that their attempts to initiate interaction or irritating others they may feel guilty about their ability to engage socially. |
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What is the industry versus inferiority crisis? |
When the child desire to continue his work ethic for social acceptance from teachers and administrators. If a child gets appropriate reinforcement she will continue to be industrious. And if a child is punished for underperforming she may feel inferior. |
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What is the identity versus role confusion crisis? |
When the child is trying to figure out where they will and how they will fit into society. |
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What is the intimacy versus isolation crisis? |
When the individual reaches young adulthood. The more intimate the relationship the more one was self-disclose. Without physic intimacy people feel a sense of isolation. |
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What is the generativity vs. stagnation crisis? |
When a person is in their mid-forties. When a person entering their 40s May assess where their life is. When an individual experience generativity they have a sense of satisfaction in their lives and when important issues with an individual seem so far upon the wrong end of the crisis they experience stagnation. |
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What is the integrity vs. despair crisis? |
When the social interaction with the elderly reminds them of their social importance. The interaction continues their importance in humanity and feeds their sense of integrity. Without social interaction that individual may enter into despair. |
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What is peer socialization? |
Peer socialization is an agent for teaching people the culture within which they are embedded. |
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What is school socialization? |
School socialization is an agent to teach people their culture. |
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What is media socialization? |
Media socialization is an agent for teaching people their culture. |
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What is family socialization? |
Family socialization is a primary agent for teaching people their culture. |
