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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chemistry |
The composition of substances and how they change |
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Biochemistry |
Branch of science dealing with the chemistry of living organisms |
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Matter |
Anything that has weight and takes up space |
Mass |
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Element |
The simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties |
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Compound |
When elements combine |
Like water h2o |
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Bulk elements |
Elements the body requires in large amount |
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Trace elements |
Elements required in small amounts |
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Ultratrace elements |
Some elements that are toxic in large amounts may be vital in very small amounts |
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Atom |
The smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of that element |
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Chemical bond |
atoms that can combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions |
When the atoms clump together |
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Nucleus |
The central portion of an atom |
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Electrons |
Negatively charged |
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Protons |
Positively charged |
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Neutrons |
Neutral |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in the atoms of a element |
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Atomic weight |
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
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Isotopes |
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights |
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Molecule |
Two or more atoms may combine to form this particle |
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Molecular formula |
Used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule |
For example the formula for water |
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Electron shell |
The electrons occupy one or more regions of this space |
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Octet rule |
When they're has to be 8 electrons in the outermost shell |
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Inert |
Elements that do not react with other elements |
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Ions |
Electrically charged atom or molecule |
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Cations |
Atom or molecule carrying a net positive charge due to a deficiency of electrons |
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Anions |
Atom or molecule carrying a negatively charged due to one or more extra electron |
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Ionic bonds |
Chemical bond that results between two ions formed by transfer of electrons |
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Covalent bonds |
Chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms |
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Structural formulas |
Representation of the way atoms bond in a molecule using symbols for each element and lines to indicate chemical bonds |
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Polar molecule |
Molecule in which the electrons and protons are not distributed symettrically |
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Hydrogen bonds |
Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an atom of oxygen or nitrogen |
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Reactants |
A chemical that takes part in a chemical reaction |
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Products |
The result of a a chemical reaction |
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Synthesis |
Building large molecules by bonding smaller ones |
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Decomposition |
The breakdown of molecules |
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Exchange reaction |
Chemical reaction in which parts of two types of molecules trade positions |
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Reversible reaction |
Chemical reaction in which the products can react yielding the original reactants |
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Catalysts |
Chemical that increases the rates of a chemical reaction but is not permanently altered by the reaction |
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Electrolytes |
Substance that ionizes in a water solution |
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Acid |
Substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions |
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Base |
Substance that ionizes in water releasing hydroxide ions or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions |
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Salts |
Compound produced by a reaction between a acid and a base |
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Ph scale |
Shorthand notation for the hydrogen ions concentration used to indicate the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution |
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Alkalosis |
Increase in the ph of body fluids above 7.45 |
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Acidosis |
Decrease in ph of body fluids below ph 7.35 |
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Buffers |
Substance that can react with a strong acid or base to form a weaker acid or base and thus resist a change in ph |
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