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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The number of protons is equal to
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the atomic number
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The number of electrons is equal to
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the number of protons
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The number of neutrons is equal to
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the number of neutrons minus the number of protons
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element that have different # of nuetrons
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Ions
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ions are atoms of an element that have lost or gained an electron
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HCI, H2SO4, LiF, NaOH
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Compounds
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compound
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a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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molecule
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a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces
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H2, O2, C6H12O6
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Molecules
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CHON
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Make up 94% of elements in living things
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K, Ca, P, S, Na
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Make up 6% of the elements in living things
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Trace Elements
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Less than 1% in living things
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H20
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Formed by a polar covalent bond
Making Water Polar The Hydrogen bonds promote Cohesion, Adhesion, A specific heat Water is the Universal Solvent |
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Acid
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1-7
More Hydrogen |
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Base
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7-14
More Hydroxide |
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PH Scale
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1-14
1-7 Acid 7-14 Base 7 is neutral Every # is 10x more than before |
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Organic Compound Categories
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Monomers
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The Different Organic Compounds
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carbohydrate----Simple sugar
lipid-----fatty acid Protein-------amino acid nucleic acid-- Nucleotide Nitrogenous Base |
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OH- Hydroxyl group
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Found in all sugars
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COOH- Carboxyl group
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Found in all lipids (fats)
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Amino Group-
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found in all proteins
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glycerol group
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found in some lipids
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Monosaccharide
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Glucose, Fructose
simple sugar-food |
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Disaccharide
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Sucrose
simple sugar food |
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Polysaccharide
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complex carbohydrate
storage structure |
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Glycogen
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animals
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cellulose
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plants
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starch
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plants
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Lipids
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Fats
Oils Waxes Steroids |
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Monomers of Lipids
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Fatty acids
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Fatty acids can be
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Saturated or unsaturated
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Lipids made from saturated fats are
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solid at room temperature
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Saturated fatty acids
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has its carbons saturated with hydrogen
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Saturated Fats
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made by animals
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Lipids made from unsaturated fatty acids are
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liquid at room temperature
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unsaturated fats are made by
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plants
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Protein
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monomer
amino acid |
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The R group
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determines how different amino acids interact
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Protein Enzymes
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Organic Catalysts
-facilitate chemical reactions inside living things -by lowering the activation energy that allow reactions to occur at lower temperatures than possible without them -they preform only one job but can do that job many times make muscles |
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Hydrolysis
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to cut with water
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Dehydration
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aka condensation Reaction
Remove water to form a compound |
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Nucleic Acids
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Monomer- Nucleotide
-Stores genetic information -Acts as a messenger -Responsible for protein synthesis -Currency of the cell |
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid- genetic info
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DNA: Nucleotides Contain these following Nitrogenous bases
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Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Sugar: Deoxyribose |
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RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid
Protein synthesis |
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RNA: Nucleotides contain the following nitrogenous bases
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Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
Sugar: Ribose |
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate
Currency of the cell |
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ATP: Nucleotides
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Adenine
Sugar: Ribose |
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Proton Charge
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Positive
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Neutron Charge
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Neutral
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Electron Charge
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negative
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How many elements are found in organisms
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25
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carbon based molecules have three different structures
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straight chains, branched chains, and rings
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Carbon Chain
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can bond with carbon rings to form very large, very complex molecules
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polymer
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a group of monomers bonded together
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Reactants -> Products
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Chemical Equation
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equilibrium
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when both the reactants and the products are made ate the same rate
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Exothermic Reaction
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energy released is lower than absorb energy
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Endothermic
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total energy released is greater than absorbed energy
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**** Science?
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Yes, **** Science
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