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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
this is the layer of connective tissue each muscle is surrounded by
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epimysium
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this is the term for a bundle of muscle fibers
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fasiculus or fasicle
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this is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle
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perimysium
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within a fasciculus this separates adjacent muscle fibers
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endomysium
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what is the technical term for the plasma membrane of a muscle cell?
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sarcolemma
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this is an electrical impulse received or conducted by a muscle cell
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action potential
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how many nuclei do skeletal muscle cells have?
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multiple
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what did skeletal muscle's multiple nucleation result from?
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embryonic fusion of during development
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what did skeletal muscle's multiple nucleation result from?
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embryonic fusion of single nucleus cells during development
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what are some processes associated with exercise skeletal muscle nuclei are responsible for?
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hypertrophy
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this is the watery solution found outside the nucleus in muscle cells
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sarcoplasm
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what does sarcoplasm contain?
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energy sources, organelles,
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this organelle is the site of aerobic ATP production
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mitochondria
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this organelle stores calcium and regulates the muscle action process by altering the intracellular calcium concentration
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endoplasmic reticulum
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this organelle stores calcium and regulates the muscle action process by altering the intracellular calcium concentration
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sarcooplasmic reticulum
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when does the sarcoplasmic reticulum release calcium into the sarcoplasm
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when an action potential passes to the center of the cell through t tubules
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these are channels that form from openings in the sarcolemma of the muscle cell
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transvers tubules or t tubules
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these are columnar protein structures that run parallel to the length of the muscle fiber
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myofibrils
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what do myofibrils primarily consist of?
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myofiliments
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what are the two myofiliments?
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actin and myosin
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this is the thin myofiliment
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actin
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this is the thick myofilament
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myosin
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what does each myosin molecule consist of?
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head, neck and tail
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this portion of myosin is capable of attaching to and pulling on the filament
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head
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what energy source is used to perform the power stroke of myosin on actin?
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hydrolysis of ATP
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this connects the head of a myosin filament to the tail
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neck
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how is the neck of a myosin filament oriented?
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so the heads project outwards
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how is the neck of a myosin filament oriented?
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so the heads project outwards from the ends of the filament
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this protein acts to maintain the position of the myosin filament relative to actin
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titin
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this is what each actin filament is formed from
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individual globular or g actin protein
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what does each g actin have binding site for?
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myosin head
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this is what g actin proteins assemble into
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strands called f-actin
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what are the two proteins that regulate interaction between actin and myosin?
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troponin and tropomyosin
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this regulatory protein spans the length of seven g actins along the length of the actin filiment
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tropomyosin
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which regulatory protein lies over the myosin binding sites on actin?
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tropomyosin
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what is each tropomyosin attatched to at each end?
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troponin
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what happens when troponin binds with a calcium ion?
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causes the movement of tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites on actin
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this is the basic contractile unit of muscle
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sarcomere
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what does the sacromere extend from?
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one zline to an adjacen zline
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this provides the dark striation of skeletal muscle
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a band
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this is the area of a band that contains myosin, but not actin
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h zone
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this is the dark line in the middle of the h zone
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m line
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what does the m line do?
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helps align adjacent myosin filaments
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this spans the distance between adjacent myosin filaments and lie partly in each of two sarcomeres
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I bands
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this give muscle its light striation
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I band
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where does the communication between the nervous and muscular system occur?
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neuromuscular junction
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how many muscle fibers are connected to a neuromuscular junction
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only 1
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what is the most widely accepted theory of muscle action?
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sliding filament theory
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what is the sequence of events in the sliding filament theory?
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1)action potential moves along length of neuron
2)ach is released at axon terminal 3)ach moves across synaptic cleft 4) action potential generated along sarcolemma and into t tubules realeasing calcium 5)calcium binds to troponin causing change in troponin moving tropomyosin 6) muscle in rested state means energized myosin head 7) to release myosin head from actin requires fresh ATP |
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when is a myosin head in a low energy state?
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when it is attached to actin binding site
what causes the release of myosin heads from actin binding sites? |
fresh ATP
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